Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.

Offspring are the new organisms produced by one or more parents. (children, babies, young)

The study of heredity in biology is called genetics.

Vocabulary Check Trait – “a characteristic that is caused by genetics. Having green eyes or being shorter than average are traits a person might have.” ( Heredity – “refers to inheriting characteristics from your parents…to the passing on of genetic factors from one generation to the next.” ( Variation - a change or difference in an organism from the original/parent.

The Father of Genetics  Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science but became a gardener in a monastery.  He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.

Mendel thought there might be a connection between the color of a pea plant flower and the type of seed the plant produced. Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

Reproduction - biological process by which new "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced from their "parents". * It is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind. Reproduction

Turn to your partner and discuss the following questions: Do all organisms reproduce? Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

Types of Reproduction Asexual - one parent Sexual - two parents

Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one parent and has the same DNA or genetic material as the parent. Yeast cells dividing (budding) Spider plant offspring

Asexual Reproduction Requires only one parent Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent. –In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of the parent.

Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about asexual reproduction. Then complete # 1-3 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Asexual Reproduction Advantages: Organisms that remain in one particular place and are unable to look for mates would need to reproduce asexually. Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster. Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best places for organisms that reproduce asexually..

Complete # 4 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages: Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and therefore share the same weaknesses. If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of the individuals.

Complete # 5 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism with its own genetic identity. Plant Animal

Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction results in a variety of off spring. powerofpeace.com

Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about Sexual reproduction. Then complete # 1-3 of the Sexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Asexual Reproduction –Mitosis –MovieMovie

Sexual Reproduction Advantage: Allows genetic variation within a species which assists with the species survival Disadvantages: Requires 2 parents Reproduction is slower

Complete # 4 and 5 of the Sexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Sexual Reproduction Virtually all the members of the Animal Kingdom –Fish –Mammals –Amphibians –Birds –Reptiles –Insects –Crustaceans

Sexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually –Chickens –Iguanas –Lobsters –Sharks –Humans –Butterflies –Sunflowers –Roses

Complete #6 of the Sexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Sexual Reproduction Happens 2 ways –Internally (inside) The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female –Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders –Externally (outside) The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them. –Fish and some amphibians –Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

Asexual Reproduction Examples

Asexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually –Hydra –Sea Star –Strawberry –Eubacteria –Euglena –Paramecium –Sharks –Bees –Fish

Complete #6 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. Ex. Planaria

Types of Asexual Reproduction Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings) Vegetative Propagation is where new parts grow from parts of the parent plant. Ex. Spider Plant

Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission –Bacteria –Protists Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding Movie Budding is where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Regeneration Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard Tail *The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs

Asexual Reproduction Matching Cards Activity

 A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm that was cut off a starfish organism.  A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each piece will grow into a new planarian.  Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away from the parent.

 A paramecium is a one- celled organism that reproduces by splitting in half to become two new cells.  An ivy plant will reproduce a whole new plant if a piece of stem and leaf is placed into water or soil. Look at the cards in the envelope provided by your teacher. Match the words with the picture it belongs with.