Unit 6: World War I (1914 – 1920) The Homefront!.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 6: World War I (1914 – 1920) The Homefront!

Bell Ringer: America Joins the Fight 1.The ____ system was developed by the U.S. and used to protect troop/ supply shipments at sea? a. Rocking Chair b. Convoy c. Cradle 2.He commanded the A.E.F.? a. Alexander b. Patton c. Pershing 3.U.S. troops of the A.E.F. were called _____? a. Dough Boys b. Soulja Boys c. Home Boys 4.The armistice that ended WW I was signed on _________, a. Oct. 18 th b. Nov. 11 th c. Dec. 4 th

The Selective Service Act (1917) The draft authorized men (later 18-45) to register for military service. Lottery numbers were assigned and cards were issued. 24 million registered and 2.8 million were drafted.

Financing the War 1915 – Total U.S. budget = $1 Billion. WW I cost the U.S. $32 Billion! Liberty Bonds raised $23 Billion.; new taxes paid rest. Ran by William Gibbs McAdoo (Treasury Secretary) Most bought by banks and financial groups; a few individuals bought them. Cheapest could be bought for $1.00.

Mobilizing the Economy for War War Industries Board (July 1917) to oversee government purchases of military supplies. Independent of the Council of National Defense and Railroad War Board Ran by Bernard Baruch who worked for $1.00/ yr. Determined what was made, where it went, and how much it cost.

The Food Administration Ran by future U.S. President Herbert Hoover. The U.S. and our Allies were dependent on U.S. agriculture. Set high prices for wheat and other food products to encourage farmers to plant more.

“Hooverizing” Household Economies Conserving food viewed as a patriotic gesture Adopted slogans like “Food Will Win the War!” “Wheatless Mondays, Sweetless Tuesdays, Meatless Wednesdays…” Smith-Lever Food & Fuel Act – Daylight Savings Time

Propaganda and Public Opinion Committee on Public Information (CPI) Ran by ex-muckraker George Creel Its job was to “sell America” and “sell the war” 75 Million posters and brochures Hollywood stars and Four- minute Men gave speeches and held Bond Rallies It also sponsored movies.

Government Cracks Down on Dissenters Individual Rights (Free Speech) vs. War Effort? Espionage Act (1917) – Treasonable papers and speech banned! Disloyalty could be punished by $10,000 fine and 20 years prison! Sedition Amendment (1918) – Further restricted free speech (on government, the Constitution, or the military. Used to prosecute Socialists (often labor union leaders), Communists, radicals, and pacifists. Eugene V. Debs ( 1/1500 arrested) -10 year sentence in 1918 (pardoned by President Harding in 1921)

Anti-German Hysteria Vigilante mobs “disciplined” some who opposed the war. Dissenters & immigrants, especially Germans, often the targets of mail, phone taps, harassment, & worse! The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin (1918 movie) Anything German- sounding banned (i.e. frankfurters = hotdogs)

Women and the War Effort Wanted the vote! Worked in munitions factories, for railroad & telegraph companies, and as clerks. Red Cross & Army Corps of Nurses (1918) Proved they could do jobs once held by only men! 19 th Amendment (Summer 1920) finally gave them the vote!

The Great Migration Nearly 400,000 African- Americans served! 1.2 Million moved North to the “Land of Hope” Chicago (meatpacking), Detroit (new auto industry), and to cities in the NE U.S. Push (racism & Jim Crow laws); Pull (jobs & family)