Communications

Topics Role and Importance of Communications Phases of Communications Data Collection Technology and Information Exchange Components of an EMS Communications System

Introduction Knowledge of communications plays an important role in your paramedic training. All aspects of prehospital care require effective, efficient communications. Communication is the key link in the chain that results in the best possible patient outcome.

Communication The process of exchanging information between individuals

Basic Communication Model Sender has an idea, or message. Sender encodes message. Sender sends message. Receiver receives message. Receiver decodes message. Receiver gives feedback to sender.

Example of an EMS System Using Repeaters

Verbal Communication Factors that enhance or impede effective communication may be either SEMANTIC (the meaning of words) or TECHNICAL (communications hardware)

Your communication network must consist of reliable equipment designed to afford clear communication among all agencies within the system.

A radio system is a critical component of an EMS system. Radio Band—a range of radio frequencies. Radio Frequencies—the number of times per minute a radio wave oscillates. Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF)— radio frequency band from 300 to 3,000 megahertz.

Common Radio Terms Used in Emergency Services

Written Communication An important aspect of EMS communications. A prehospital care report (PCR) is a written record of an EMS response.

PCR is a legal document, admissible in court.

The EMS Response (1 of 2) Detection and citizen access Call-taking & emergency response Pre-arrival instructions Call coordination and incident recording

The EMS Response (2 of 2) Discussion with medical direction physician Transfer communications Back in service, ready for next call

Detection & Citizen Response

Call-taking & Emergency Response

Pre-arrival Instructions

Call Coordination & Incident Recording

Discussion with Medical Direction Physician

Communication Technology EMS systems use all of today’s various communication technologies. These include traditional forms of radio communication as well as innovations in radio technology and other media.

A Basic Communications System Using Simplex Transmissions

Duplex transmissions allow simultaneous two-way communications.

Multiplex systems can transmit voice and data at the same time.

Cellular Phone

Reporting Procedures One of your most important skills will be gathering essential patient information, organizing it, and relaying it to the medical direction physician.

Standard Reporting Format (1 of 2) Identification of unit and provider Description of scene Patient’s age, sex, and approximate weight Patient’s chief complaint Brief pertinent history (OPQRST)

Standard Reporting Format (2 of 2) Pertinent past medical history (SAMPLE) Pertinent physical exam findings Treatment given so far/ request for orders Estimated time of arrival to the hospital Other pertinent information

Being concise, descriptive, and thorough are hallmarks of a professional.

Elements of Medical Patient Report Paramedic identification Patient identification Subjective data Objective data Plan

Elements of Trauma Patient Report Paramedic identification Patient identification Mechanism of injury Injuries Plan

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) The agency that controls all nongovernmental communications in the United States

The FCC: Licenses and allocates radio frequencies. Establishes technical standards. Monitors frequencies to assure appropriate usage. Spot checks base stations and dispatch centers for appropriate licenses and records.

Summary Role and Importance of Communications Phases of Communications Data Collection Technology and Information Exchange Components of an EMS Communications System