Ch 7 Test Review The Revolutionary War

Abigail Adams She was the wife of John Adams. They wrote letters while apart to one another during these absences that have become a source of information about the American Revolution and early American history. In her most famous letter to her husband, she asked him to “Remember the Ladies.” She pressed him to give women equal status with men when forming the new government. Abigail Adams is also known to have advocated for public education for girls. John Adams He served as a delegate to both Continental Congresses and was on the committee to write the Declaration of Independence. Wentworth Cheswell A beloved and respected patriot from Massachusetts. He was elected town messenger for the regional Committee of Safety, one of the many groups established in Colonial America to monitor events pertaining to public welfare. He delivered messages for the Committee as a rider in the New England colonies. As soldier, he served in the Battles of Saratoga Mercy Otis Warren An American patriot. She was a writer who authored plays, poems and essays supporting the idea of independence. Her writings convinced many in Massachusetts to become Patriots. Sister to James Otis and wife of patriot James Warren, co-founder of the Boston committee of correspondence, Mercy was a very outspoken woman for her time. She was also a close friend of Abigail Adams. Her writings have helped historians in the study of the American Revolution and she is often considered the first historian of the American Revolution

James Armistead One of General George Washington’s most effective weapons against the British, James Armistead. Armistead was enlisted as a patriotic spy who worked as a “double-agent” on behalf of the United States. Pretending to be a runaway slave, Armistead was able to infiltrate the British defenses and acquire countless important British war secrets which helped turn the tide of the Revolution in favor of the Americans. Marquis de Lafayette helped him by writing a letter of recommendation for his freedom, which was granted in Benjamin Franklin He was a delegate to the both Continental Congresses and a member of the committee to write the Declaration of Independence. Diplomatic representative to France who helped to secure an alliance with the French during the war Bernardo de Gálvez A descendant of ancient Spanish nobility, Gálvez was the acting Governor of the Louisiana Territory. Due Spains support of the American colonists during the Revolution, Gálvez naturally sided with the Americans throughout the war. He was instrumental in buying Spanish weapons, gunpowder, clothing and many other vital supplies that were essential to the colonial army. He was influential in keeping the port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River out of the control of the British, thus preventing British attacks from the west and the south during the revolution King George III King of England from During his reign, there were many conflicts involving his kingdom. After the French and Indian War, the British Parliament with the King’s approval angered the American colonists by taxing them to pay for military protection. In 1776 the American colonists declared their independence and listed their grievances against the king.

George Washington He was a Virginia planter and a delegate to the House of Burgesses. Washington fought during the French and Indian War and was a delegate to the Continental Congress. He was chosen Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Washington lead the Continental Army in is retreat from New York, then commanded the American victories at Trenton, lead the army through the winter at Valley Forge and coordinated the victory at Yorktown that lead to the surrender of Cornwallis. Haym Salomon A Polish-born Jewish immigrant who played an important role in financing the American Revolution.. He was a member of the American Espionage(spy) ring and helped convince many Hessians to desert the British military. He was arrested as a spy by the British but escaped before he could be hung. Salomon became a financial broker in Philadelphia. He went on to help finance the Continental Congress, using his own personal money to finance the patriot cause. Known as the “American Financier.” Thomas Jefferson As a Virginia planter, he was also a delegate to the House of Burgesses and to the First and Second Continental Congress. He was selected to draft the Declaration of Independence and is thus considered the author of the Declaration of Independence.

Marquis de Lafayette A French officer who came to help the Americans fight the Revolution against Great Britain. He was given the rank of major general, since he represented the highest rank of French nobility. He developed a friendship with George Washington which lasted as long as Washington lived. His influence helped to secure support from France for the patriots’ cause. Lafayette was also able to obtain troops and supplies from France. He was the first foreigner to be granted honorary United States citizenship. Thomas Paine He authored the pamphlet Common Sense which encouraged the colonies to break with England and become independent. He was a soldier in the Continental Army and wrote the pamphlet The Crisis to encourage Continental soldiers to continue to fight. In the pamphlet, he penned his famous line, "These are the times that try men's souls.“ John Paul Jones In 1776 with his ship the Bonhomme Richard, he defeated the British warship Serapis, which raised American spirits. Jones’ success against the best navy in the world angered the British and inspired the Americans. Jones’ famous words during this battle were “I have not yet begun to fight!” which became a slogan for the U.S. Navy. Some consider him the “Father of the U.S. Navy.”

Document Glossary Treaty of Paris (1783) The treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the creation of boundaries (Canada to the north and the Mississippi River to the west and Spanish Florida to the south) that would allow for American western expansion.

Magna Carta 1215 granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king House of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of self- government in America. English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limited monarchy, gov’t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government Articles of Confederation 1781 the nation’s first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to create a national army

ec. of Ind. rticles of Confed. onstitution Founding Documents Revolution Events exington aratoga orktown Valley Forge Jamestown -1 st perm. English settlement Mayflower Compact – 1 st system of self- gov’t Declaration of Independence – Freedom from Englsih Rule New England Southern Colonies Middle Colonies US in 1783 Appalachian Mtns Mississippi R. Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system GA SC NC VA MD DE NJ PA NY CT RI NH MA Great Lakes

Grrrrr… My Rights are God-given, natural rights and you can’t take them from me!! Woof! Arf! I am the King of this kennel, and I will take them If I want! Bark!! 26. Unalienable rights are rights that cannot be given up, taken away, or transferred. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, are some of those rights. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

27. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the American Revolution (French entered the war). Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction This victory should convince the French we can win this war! OK, vee vill help you beat dee English now!

28. was where George Washington’s troops camped during the winter of More than 1/5 of his soldiers died of disease and malnutrition. Valley Forge Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

29. The British defeat in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia by George Washington’s troops signaled the end of the American Revolution. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

Yo! Them Red Coats best recognize! Hold up! Where’d they go?!? 30. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation. We got your recognition right here. Come on, mates. Let’s go home and get some fish and chips. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction