SCIENCE STARTER YOU WILL BE TAKING A SHORT QUIZ, TALKING DURING THE QUIZ WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF POINTS or A ZERO! 1.TAKE OUT A SHEET OF PAPER 2.You may split into 4 equal parts between your table members if you’d like. 3.WRITE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST NAME, DATE, AND CLASS PERIOD 4.AT THE TOP OF YOUR PAPER WRITE “INTERPRETING DATA” 5.NUMBER 1-4 9/4/15 FRIDAY

Which table below correctly displays the population data? AB C D 1. The graph shows a rabbit population that has increased due to the lack of predators.

A B C D

A.Bacteria always grow faster at lower temperatures. B.The rate of growth of this bacterial species increases as temperature is increased from 10° C to 50° C. C.Temperature has no effect on the rate of bacteria growth. D.Bacteria do not like higher temperatures. Temperature (°C)Time to double bacteria population (min) No Growth 4.The data below was collected during an experiment. What conclusion is supported by the data?

The Silent Games You will be identifying the cause and effect in different situations One person will record answers, make sure your lab partners names are listed on your paper Simply match the correct cause to the correct effect on the paper slips YOU CANNOT TALK TO YOUR LAB PARTNERS (if you do your team will be disqualified) Once you think you have gotten all of the cause and effect strips in the correct raise your hands. The first group to get all of the answers correctly will win $3 a piece. DO NOT TURN OVER THE ANSWER STRIPS UNTIL YOU HEAR THE MUSIC Be prepared to share your answers!!!! “MAY THE ODDS EVER BE IN YOUR FAVOR”

Notes Bias and Error in Science Bias: this means you are prejudiced towards or against something and that you allow your views to affect the results of your experiment. Bias Is Bad! Bias  Science is about obtaining accurate results so bias should NEVER be allowed to influence your experimental results! Bias Science SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error

Notes Bias in Science Experiments Example: Imagine that you doing an experiment to determine which NFL football quarterback can throw a football the furthest. Your favorite football team is the Tennessee Titans, so you are disappointed with your data when you notice that the Titans' quarterback's throwing distance is not the furthest. Yet because this is your favorite quarterback, you change the data so that this quarterback appears to throw the furthest. Science SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error This is BIAS, and it should NEVER be allowed in science.

Example: Bubba loves to eat french fries with lots of extra salt. He conducts an experiment to determine how much better french fries taste with lots of extra salt. Identify the bias or error in this situation ANSWER: Because Bubba likes extra salt on his fries, he wrongly assumes that everyone else will like extra salt too. He is biased toward salt, so his results will contain errors. Notes Science SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error BIAS should NEVER be allowed in science experiments!

Two students who love Justin Bieber’s music do an experiment to measure how long people have to hear one of Justin’s songs before they too fall in love with his music. Question: Which choice below most likely will occur? (Just write the correct letter) A) Bias B) Fraud and Waste C) Song and Dance Notes Bias in Science Answer: These two students are biased towards Justin Beiber, so their results will probably be biased and wrong too Science SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error BIAS should NEVER be allowed in science experiments!

 Humans are imperfect, so bias happens both intentionally and unintentionally Notes Solutions to Bias in Science Science SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Ways to Reduce and/or Eliminate Bias  Be aware that bias can and does happen  Strive to recognize it, and eliminate it from your experiments.  Follow the steps and principles of the scientific method  Make sure that others rigorously review your work looking for bias BrainPop

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Famous Bias in Science Science Thomas Edison and Direct Current Electricity Inventor: Thomas Edison

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Famous Bias in Science Science Direct Current vs Alternating Current Bias: Edison promoted direct current electricity, but Nikola Tesla promoted alternating current for the Westinghouse Electric Company. Experiments had clearly demonstrated that alternating current was more efficient and less expensive. Yet Edison refused to yield to facts. Nearly all electricity generated today is alternating current

Avoid Mistakes:  One small error can result in all your experimental data being wrong  So scientists work very hard to avoid making mistakes Peer Review:  One key way scientists deal with this issue is by having other scientists review their work to check for mistakes  This very common practice is called peer review Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Errors in Science Science

To Avoid Mistakes:  Make sure you are following the steps of the scientific method  Make sure you have only one independent variable at a time  Make sure you correctly identify your dependent variables  Make sure you include valid control experiments  Make sure you record in detail every step of your experiment  Ask someone else to review all your work (peer review) Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Errors in Science Science

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Famous Errors in Science Science Mars Climate Orbiter:

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Famous Errors in Science Science Mars Climate Orbiter: Expensive Mistake: launched by NASA in December 1998, this robotic spacecraft was designed to study weather on Mars. A design team used standard units (pounds- seconds) while a different design team used metric units (newtons- seconds). So instead of orbiting Mars, the spacecraft crashed to the surface of the red planet. Cost of this mistake: $327 million dollars

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Famous Bias and Errors in Science Science Canals on Mars Astronomer: Percival Lowell

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Science Famous Bias and Errors in Science From 1894 to 1908 Percival studied the planet Mars with a large telescope.

He wrongly concluded that the features on Mars were canals built by extraterrestrials (Martians) Notes SPI 0807.Inq.5: Bias and Error Science Percival was fascinated about the possibility of intelligent life on Mars. He was biased about this. He observed hazy images of the surface of Mars His bias lead him to make significant errors about what he saw. Later observations by others confirmed that there are no signs of intelligent life on Mars. Famous Bias and Errors in Science