Watersheds

1. How is solid water different from liquid water? 2. How does the property of cohesion affect the way liquid water behaves? 3. Why does water have a high cohesion? 3. Why does water have a high cohesion? 4. Why does ice float when placed in liquid water? Bell Work: Friday

SOL 6.7: Watersheds 172 The student will investigate and understand the natural processes and human interactions that affect watershed systems. Key concepts include a.the health of ecosystems and the abiotic factors of a watershed; b.the location and structure of Virginia’s regional watershed systems; c.divides, tributaries, river systems, and river and stream processes; d.wetlands; e.estuaries; f.major conservation, health, and safety issues associated with watersheds; and g.water monitoring and analysis using field equipment including hand-held technology.

Sea to Summit Video (19 min)

Make your own Watershed Make your own Watershed 1.Take out a sheet of paper, ball it up and smooth it out 2 times. 2.Use blue water based maker to color the tips of the peaks – The Divides 3. You are about to make it rain. What do you think will happen? 4. Lightly spray the paper 5. Where did the water collect, why? This is your lake. 6. The path the water took to the lake is a stream. 7. Draw a picture of your watershed. Is there more than one on the paper?

Watersheds 173a

What is a watershed? 173b What is a watershed? 173b o The land area that supplies water to a river system o Also called a drainage basin WATERSHED

What is a river? 173c o A large stream RIVER

What is a stream? 173d What is a stream? 173d o A channel through which water is continuously flowing downhill STREAM

What is a tributary? 173e o A stream/river that flows or contributes water into a larger river The stream is a tributary to the river. Tributary STREAM RIVER

Bell work: Block 1 & 2 1. What is another name for a drainage basin? 2. Which layer of the atmosphere contains all weather? 3. Silicon has an atomic number of 14 and an atomic mass of 28.0, how many electrons does it have?

Bell Work: Block 3 1. What is a river? 2. What layer of the atmosphere do planes fly in? 3. What is the decimal number on the periodic table called?

What is a Riparian Zone? 173f What is a Riparian Zone? 173f o Filters out pollution before it gets to the water- ocean

What is a wetland? 174 o Absorbs water from floods o Filters water going into the river or stream o Habitat for animals and plants RIPARIAN ZONE

What is a Fertilizer? 175 What is a Fertilizer? 175 o Increases the growth of algae. The algae uses up all the oxygen and blocks the sun to other plants and animals.

Why are pH levels important? 176 o Factories dump chemicals into the water which changes the pH levels. Too high or too low pH levels kills life.

What is an estuary? 177a What is an estuary? 177a o A coastal inlet or bay where fresh water mixes with salty ocean water o Estuaries contain brackish water – partly fresh and partly salty water ESTUARY

What is a divide? 177b o A ridge of land that separates one watershed from another DIVIDE

WATERSHED

What are the 3 major watersheds in VA? 178 What are the 3 major watersheds in VA? 178 Chesapeake Bay, North Carolina Sound, and Gulf of Mexico

How much of VA’s water is a part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed? % of Virginia is located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed 56% of Virginia is located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed So 44% of the land within the boundaries of the state drains to other areas So 44% of the land within the boundaries of the state drains to other areas

180 What states and rivers are a part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed? The Susquehanna River: New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland Patuxent River: Maryland Potomac River: Boarders Virginia, DC, and Maryland Rappahannock River: Northern Virginia York River: Central Virginia James River: Southern Virginia

What are the 9 watersheds that feed into the Chesapeake Bay? 1.Susquehanna 2.Potomac 3.Patuxent 4.Choptank 5.Rappahannock 6.Mattaponi 7.Pamunkey 8.James 9.Appomattox If an area is not colored in it is a part of smaller river sheds or they drain directly into the Chesapeake Bay. 181

Where can water go in North Carolina? The North Carolina Sound The blue lines are Rivers that feed into The NC Sound. 182

Bell Work: Tuesday 1. What filters pollution out of river and stream waters? 2. What is an area where fresh and salty water mixes called? 3. What are the ridges of mountains and hills called?

Lab day

Bell Work: Wednesday 1. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the Exosphere and the Ionosphere? 2. Why are cities along the Atlantic Coast warmer than the mountain areas in the winter? 3. Water molecules clinging together to form a raindrop is an example of what property of water?

187 Bill Nye Wetlands video Answer the questions on the worksheet as you are watching the video! Answer the questions on the worksheet as you are watching the video! 24 minutes 24 minutes

Is there another place water in Virginia can go? Rivers in Virginia and 30 other states drain into The Gulf of Mexico. That’s about 33 major Rivers. Gulf of Mexico USA Canada Mexico 183

Bell Work: Monday 1. What is the northern most state that has a river in the Chesapeake Bay watershed? 2. Rivers in southern VA drain to what watershed? 3. How many atoms are on 1 side of this equation: CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O

Bell work Tuesday 1. 44% of our rivers in VA drain where? 2. What are divides? 3. Name 3 abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

Where can airborne pollutants come from? Air over our region comes from various areas that change each day. Most of the air comes from the Midwest and is polluted from power plants and vehicles this doubles the pollution in our area. Pollutants are washed out of the air by rain and goes into the Chesapeake Bay and its Tributaries. 183

What is a ecosystem made up of? An ecosystem is made up of the living community and the non-living factors that affect it. The health of an ecosystem is directly related to water quality. An ecosystem is made up of the living community and the non-living factors that affect it. The health of an ecosystem is directly related to water quality. 184

What abiotic factors affect an ecosystem? Abiotic factors determine ecosystem type, its distribution of plants and animals as well as the usage of land by people. Abiotic factors include water supply, topography, landforms, geology, soils, sunlight, and air quality/O2 availability. Abiotic factors determine ecosystem type, its distribution of plants and animals as well as the usage of land by people. Abiotic factors include water supply, topography, landforms, geology, soils, sunlight, and air quality/O2 availability. 184

What human factors can alter the abiotic factors in an ecosystem? Human activities can alter abiotic components and thus accelerate or decelerate natural processes. For example, people can affect the rate of erosion (a natural process). Plowing cropland can cause erosion, while planting trees can prevent it. Flood protection/wetland loss is another example. Human activities can alter abiotic components and thus accelerate or decelerate natural processes. For example, people can affect the rate of erosion (a natural process). Plowing cropland can cause erosion, while planting trees can prevent it. Flood protection/wetland loss is another example. 184

What is water quality monitoring? Water quality monitoring is the collection of water samples to analyze chemical and/or biological parameters. Simple parameters include pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and the presence of macro-invertebrate organisms. Water quality monitoring is the collection of water samples to analyze chemical and/or biological parameters. Simple parameters include pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and the presence of macro-invertebrate organisms. 185

What are found in healthy and unhealthy water systems? Healthy Systems: 1.Clear water 2.Algae levels balanced 3.Adequate oxygen 4.Abundant finfish 5.Aquatic plants flourish 6.Bottom habitats are healthy Unhealthy Systems: Nutrients feed algae Blooms which decreases oxygen and water clarity. So plants cannot grow, animal life is stressed and Decreased so the food chain is broken and human health concerns begin 186

Bell Nye questions from Nov. 25

How can I help the watersheds? 1. Reduce your daily water usage. 2. Never dispose of anything by dumping into a storm drain. Storm drains lead directly to waterways. 3. Use the correct amounts of fertilizer at the correct time for your grass species. 4. Reduce your use of pesticides and fertilizers by re- placing grass with hardy trees and shrubs. 5. Follow label directions carefully on all chemicals and use them only when necessary. 6. Clean up after your pets. 7. Maintain home septic systems. 8. Create buffers along waterways on your property. 9. Know your watershed address. 10. Volunteer for clean up, restoration, and conservation programs. 11. Promote sustainable land stewardship throughout your community. 188

Bell work Wednesday 1. Why is ice less dense than water? 2. Draw and label a water molecule. 3. When testing for pH, salinity, and turbidity of water you are checking the water _______.

Wed. Guest lesson on Watersheds Guest lesson on Watersheds

Chesapeake Bay Research 1. Name 3 things that they are testing for? 2. What causes the algae blooms? Watch the video and record your answers in your notes (abt 4 min) Watch the video and record your answers in your notes (abt 4 min) m_the_field_monitoring_water_quality_in_the_ chesapeake_bay m_the_field_monitoring_water_quality_in_the_ chesapeake_bay m_the_field_monitoring_water_quality_in_the_ chesapeake_bay m_the_field_monitoring_water_quality_in_the_ chesapeake_bay 189

The Mystery of Sediments 1. Where are the sediments coming from that are affecting the tested area? Watch the short clip and record the answer Watch the short clip and record the answer (abt 2 min) (abt 2 min) _101_sediment _101_sediment _101_sediment _101_sediment 190

Chesapeake Bay PSA 1. Name 10 things that can be done to help protect and restore the Chesapeake Bay. Write them into your notes (abt 2 min) Write them into your notes (abt 2 min) _chesapeake_bay _chesapeake_bay _chesapeake_bay _chesapeake_bay 191

Foldable Wetlands Foldable to determine the plant and animals that live in each type of wetland. Note theses are just a few of each other plants and animals live in these areas. ALSO, not all pictures will be used! Wetlands Foldable to determine the plant and animals that live in each type of wetland. Note theses are just a few of each other plants and animals live in these areas. ALSO, not all pictures will be used! 192

Front cover 192

Rushes cattails geese Wading birds clams mussels grasses snail trees Mangroves pitcher sundew Peat moss Inside 192

Back Cover Animals tracks deer muskrats Muskrat lodge hawk Found in Multiple Types of Wetlands 192

“Winged Scourge” PSA Watch the video and think about how they deal with the wetlands when they are trying to stop the growth of mosquitoes. Watch the video and think about how they deal with the wetlands when they are trying to stop the growth of mosquitoes. Remember this was aired on TV in 1947 when Malaria was a big medical issue. Remember this was aired on TV in 1947 when Malaria was a big medical issue. Would we do the things they suggest now in 2014? Would we do the things they suggest now in 2014? Answer questions on your worksheet as you watch. Answer questions on your worksheet as you watch. 0Q 0Q 0Q 0Q 193

Quiz Dec. 4, 2015 on 6.7 Pencil Pencil AR book AR book Turn in quiz before leaving Turn in quiz before leaving