Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual.

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Presentation transcript:

Renaissance & Reformation

Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual achievement rather than religion

Renaissance… Intellectual movement Based on ‘humanism’ Studied classical culture of Greece & Rome to broaden their understanding Emphasized the humanities: rhetoric, poetry, & history

Renaissance Art… Reflected Humanism Painters pursued “realism” Developed improved ways to represent humans and landscapes Discovered “perspective”: ways to make art appear 3-dimensional

Famous Renaissance Painters… Leonardo de Vinci

Famous Renaissance Painters… Michelangelo

Famous Renaissance Painters… Raphael

Famous Renaissance Writers… Niccolo Machiavelli “The Prince”: Guidebook for rulers on how to gain & maintain power

Other Renaissance Men… Erasmus: Dutch priests/humanists who called for translation of the Bible into more modern vernacular Thomas More: Called for social reform; utopian society.

William Shakespeare English poet/playwright. 37 plays; 1,700 new words to English language. “Romeo & Juliet” “MacBeth” “Hamlet”

Coming out of the Dark Ages…The Printing Press Johann Gutenburg 1455=printed the 1 st complete edition of the Bible.

Printing Press Cheaper Books Easier to produce More books available More people Learn to read New ideas & new places

Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution mid-1500s Nicholas Copernicus (1543) Proposed a heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the solar system

Galileo Italy Assembled telescope & observed 4 moons of Jupiter orbiting the planet. Opposed by the Church

New approaches to science… Based on: Observation Experimentation Logic Reasoning ↓↓ Hypothesis → → → Scientific Method

Scientific Revolutionaries René Descartes=Reasoning Francis Bacon=Experimentation & Observation Isaac Newton=Gravity & calculus

The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Germany, 1517 Challenged the Catholic Church Stated that all Christians have = access to God through faith & the Bible Christians can be saved only through faith.

John Calvin Switzerland Also challenged Catholic Church Believed in predestination (Only those God has picked who will go to Heaven) English Calvinists sail to America to escape religious persecution in the 1600s.