Neurons & Glia Lesson 8. Nature of the Nervous System n Golgi & Cajal shared Nobel Prize (1906) n Reticular Theory l Camillo Golgi n The Neuron Doctrine.

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Presentation transcript:

Neurons & Glia Lesson 8

Nature of the Nervous System n Golgi & Cajal shared Nobel Prize (1906) n Reticular Theory l Camillo Golgi n The Neuron Doctrine l Santiago Ramon y Cajal Silver chromate l Golgi Stain ~

Neurons n Basic functional unit of N.S. l Specialized cell l All cells have same basic properties n Regulation of behavior n Information processing l Transmits l Integrates l Stores ~

n Dendrites & Soma l Receives & Integrates information l electrical signal within ~

n Axon carries information away from soma l Electrical signal within l Axon terminal releases chemical message ~

By function (connections) Neuron Classification

By Morphology n # of neurites l Multipolar, bipolar, monopolar n By Dendrite Structure l Pyramidal l Stellate n Dendritic Spines l Spiny or Aspinous ~

Unipolar BipolarMultipolar By morphology (# of neurites)

By Axon Diameter n Sensory afferents l Size: largest  smallest A , A , A , C n C: small, unmyelinated l pain & temperature A  : l not associated with skin receptors l proprioceptors in muscle ~

Primary Afferents n Conduction speed l larger faster & l myelinated faster~

Other Classification Schemes n Axon length l Golgi Type I - long l Golgi Type II - short (local signaling) n Chemistry l neurotransmitter released l e.g., cholinergic, dopaminergic ~

Neurons vs. Nerves n Neurons - cells l microscopic n Nerves - bundles of axons l seen with naked eye ~

Astrocytes n Provide physical support n Regulating chemical content of extracellular fluid l localizes neurotransmitters l K+ concentration n Blood-brain Barrier ~ Glia

Brain Capillary Blood-Brain Barrier Typical Capillary astrocytes

BBB: Function n Maintains stable brain environment l large fluctuations in periphery n Barrier l to poisons l neurotransmitters & other chemicals n Regulates nutrient supplies l glucose levels l active transport ~

Myelin n Wrap around axon n Saltatory Conduction l faster transmission n CNS: oligodendroglia or oligodendrocytes n PNS: Schwann cells ~

Other non-neuronal cells n Microglia l phagocytosis l immune-like function n Ependymal cells l line walls of ventricles l develop from radial glia ~

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