Era of Good Feelings (1816 – 1824)

WAR OF “Second War for Independence” - Economic Transformations - Local Economy to National Market - “Economic Nationalism” - Westward Expansion - End of Federalist Party 2

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS ( ) 3

POLITICAL QUESTIONS - National or local economic policies? - National or local transportation networks? - Expansion of slavery into w. territories? 4

EMBARGO? EMBARG-YES! Embargo has “unexpected effect” Manufacturing Factories (N.E.) Inventions/Patents Food shortages in Euro. post-wars “balanced economy of farming, commerce, and manufacturing” 5

TRINITY OF ECONOMIC NATIONALISM 1.) Protective Tariffs (Industry) 2.) Internal Improvements 3.) 2nd Bank of the US 6

HENRY CLAY'S AMERICAN SYSTEM Henry Clay, KY (Speaker of House) 1st Bank charter expired 1811 Inflation Deregulation Distrust of paper $$ Charter for 2 nd Bank (1816)

2ND US BANK Revenue deposits Stabilize dollar Regulate currency 20 year charter (1836) Boston  Philadelphia 8

LANCASTER TURNPIKE (1790) 9

CUMBERLAND ROAD (1811) 10

ERIE CANAL (1817) Major accomplishment under American System Funded by the state of New York 364 mile man-made waterway connecting the Great Lakes to NYC

ERIE CANAL SYSTEM 12

MAJOR CANAL SYSTEMS C

PROTECTIVE TARIFFS Tariff of 1816 Protect US industry NE & W. support, S. oppose “Strict Constructionism” Sectional Issue; based on economy of each region NE: Manufacturing, Wool, Processing W : Farming, Hemp S : Merchants, Plantations

HOW A TARIFF WORKS 15

NEW ENGLAND TEXTILE MILLS C

US TEXILE MILLS C

LOWELL BOARDING HOUSE C

EFFECTS OF AMERICAN SYSTEM Road/Bridge construction Transportation networks Selling of public lands for profit; $$ goes into US Bank Tax deposits for standing Army/Navy Increases in interstate trade US Bank stabilizes currency; dollar becomes more valuable

JUDICIAL NATIONALISM - Fletcher v. Peck (1810) - Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) - McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 20

ELECTION OF MONROE (1816) - “Virginia Dynasty” - Did not keep up with nationalism - Minor set-backs - “Ablest Cabinet” - Panic of Mini depression - Factions emerge in DRs - Sectionalism increases; arguments over tariffs and American System 21

ELECTION OF No Federalist Candidate - Monroe wins re-election easily 22

DIPLOMATIC NATIONALISM - Treaty of Ghent (1815) - End War of Resume trade - Joint occupation of Great Lakes - Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818) - Demilitarize border - Military restrictions on Great Lakes - Improved relations w/ Britain 23

DIPLOMATIC NATIONALISM - Convention of 1818 (duh!) - Fishing - Oregon - 49 th Parallell - Lake of the Woods - Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) - W. border w/ Spain - Access to Pacific Ocean - Purchase of Florida 24

BORDER NEGOTIATIONS 25

JACKSON TAKES FLORIDA (1819) - Border problems (Indian attacks) - Monroe to Jackson: Stop border raids - Jackson invades Florida; Spain surrenders - Jackson annexes territory to US - Monroe is furious!

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) Expansion of slavery to W. Missouri petitions to enter US in 1819 Apply as slave state Problem??? Slaves states will now outnumber free states North outraged; blocks petition

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) LET'S MAKE A DEAL!!!!! Henry Clay called upon to make a compromise Terms of Missouri Comprise: 1.) Missouri is admitted as a slave state 2.) Maine is admitted as a free state 3.) Slavery is prohibited in Louisiana Territory north of Missouri

MONROE DOCTRINE (1820) Post-War President No major accomplishments Goal: end European colonization in Americas Enhances & creates a new national identity Curb sectionalism with nationalism Bluff by Monroe

MONROE DOCTRINE (1820) 31