Pronunciation Some history Latin mottos

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Pronunciation Some history Latin mottos Welcome back to Latin 101 Pronunciation Some history Latin mottos

1. Pronunciation Vowels, diphthongs, consonants arma virum canō Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs fātō vēnit multum iūs nascor ille et terrīs altō vī saevae ob īram quoque bellō passus lēx vērō dum urbem deōs genus unde patrēs atque altae Rōmae Mūsa mihi spissō inde causās quō laesō quidve dolens deum tot cāsūs tantae īrae urbs nātiō hīs

1. Pronunciation (cont.) Word accent (for words of three syllables or more): Rule: Accent the penult, unless the penult is short (in which case, accent the antepenult). Long penult Short penult You decide: iactātus Latīnum rēgīna labōrō tantaene Albānīque insignem dēmonstrō Ītaliam profugus lītora superum volvere caelestibus timeō memorem Iunōnis conderet moenia labōrēs animīs dēbeō spectantī inferretque itaque

1. Pronunciation (cont.) Try this: Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11 Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs Ītaliam, fātō profugus, Laviniaque vēnit lītora, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō vī superum saevae memorem Iunōnis ob īram; multa quoque et bellō passus, dum conderet urbem, …

1. Pronunciation (cont.) Try this (cont.): Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11 (cont.) inferretque deōs Latiō, genus unde Latīnum, Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae. Mūsa, mihi causās memorā, quō nūmine laesō, quidve dolens, rēgīna deum tot volvere cāsūs insignem pietāte virum, tot adīre labōrēs impulerit. Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?

1. Pronunciation Follow-up: Compare some different approaches to pronunciation of Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11: http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~classics/poetry_and_prose/Aenei d.1.intro.html http://www.rhapsodes.fll.vt.edu/Aeneid1/aeneid1.htm http://www.poetaexmachina.net/

2. Some history Latin and English as Indo-European siblings

PROTO-INDOEUROPEAN: *w(e/o)in-o 2. Some history Latin and English as Indo-European siblings PROTO-INDOEUROPEAN: *w(e/o)in-o ITALIC LATIN: vīnum HELLENIC GREEK: (w)oinos GERMANIC GERMAN: wein ENGLISH: wine

2. Some history Latin’s historical influence on English LATIN: vīnea “vineyard” FRENCH: vigne ENGLISH: vine LATIN: vītis “grapevine” cultūra “cultivation” ENGLISH: viticulture GREEK: oinos “wine” philos “loving” oinophile

2. Some history Latin: one of several ancient “Italic” languages From Philip Baldi, Foundations of Latin

2. Some history Borrowings from Greek into Latin φιλοσοφͅία θέρμαι χορός γραμματικός γῦρος μουσεῖον στάδιον σύν-θεσις οὐσία philosophia thermae chorus grammaticus gyrus museum stadium Calques: com-positio essentia

2. Some history A writing system adapted from the Greek

2. Some history Latin: the language of the Romans A fragment from the Annales of Ennius (early 2nd c. BCE): mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virisque The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men

2. Some history Building a national language Cicero, De oratore 1.144: ut pūrē et Latīnē loquāmur that we may speak purely and Latinly Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 1.1 Why have I decided to set forth (Greek) philosophy in Latin writing (litterīs Latīnīs)? Not because philosophy could not be comprehended in Greek writing and with Greek instructors, but rather because I have always believed that our ancestors either invented things on their own more wisely than the Greeks or improved the things they received from them (anything, that is, they deemed worth the effort).

2. Some history A language of empire

2. Some history Schematic timeline of Roman history and Latin authors http://prezi.com/lg2ryxvudqzw/timeline-of-latin-authors- and-roman-history/

3. Latin mottos Choose any three to memorize 1. mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virīsque (Ennius) The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men 2. ōrātor est, Marce fīlī, vir bonus dīcendī perītus (Cato the Censor) An orator, son Marcus, is a good man skilled at speaking. 3. Rem tenē, verba sequentur (Cato the Censor) Hold on to the topic: the words will follow. 4. felix qui potuit rērum cognoscere causās (Virgil) Lucky (is he) who could learn the causes of things. 5. Graecia capta ferum victōrem cēpit (Horace) Captured Greece captured her fierce conqueror. 6. parcere subiectīs et debellāre superbōs (Virgil) To spare the submissive and crush the proud.

3. Latin mottos A mix-n-match toolkit to make your own three-word motto NB1—Be ready to dictate your motto to us at the next class-meeting! NB2—Standard word-order is subject-object-verb, but you can vary this order if you think it sounds better. SUBJECTS OBJECTS VERBS sapientia (wisdom) fāma (reputation) vir (a man) fortūna (fortune) amīcus (a friend) bellum (war) cōnsilium (stragegy) dōnum (a gift) nātūra (nature) sol (the sun) mare (the sea) speciēs (appearance) diēs (day/time) sapientiam fāmam virum fortūnam amīcum bellum cōnsilium dōnum nātūram sōlem mare speciem diem monstrat (shows) amat (loves) docet (teaches) iuvat (helps) optat (chooses) superat (conquers) aedificat (builds) terret (scares) portat (brings) dat (gives) ōdit (hates) probat (proves) interficit (kills)