GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Abdullah Al Saud Santiago Machado Santos Spring 2013.

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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Abdullah Al Saud Santiago Machado Santos Spring 2013

GERUNDS

GERUND Definition a verb that acts like a noun in a sentence Forming a Gerund add “ing” to the verb

EXAMPLES DanceDancing Run Running SwimSwimming

EXAMPLES DanceDancing Run Running SwimSwimming StudyStudying EatEating DreamDreaming KillKilling

Running will help you burn more calories. Eating too much pizza makes you fat. Exercising makes you healthy. USING GERUNDS as the subject of a sentence

To be: I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are… I am thinking about guacamole. You are eating too many French fries. She is studying for her exam. USING GERUNDS as a complement to the verb “to be”

Prepositions: above, under, to, on, in, by, after, next to… He is good at playing basketball. After winning the game, Lebron James was happy. During the blizzard, Lorena got tired by shoveling. USING GERUNDS after a preposition

Compound Nouns: a driving lesson, a swimming pool, deer hunting His driving lesson was difficult because he was nervous. You have to wear a bathing suit in the swimming pool. Once, I went deer hunting with my father. USING GERUNDS in compound nouns

Expressions requiring a gerund: can’t help, can’t stand, it’s no use… She is so hungry that she can’t help eating all of the burger. I can’t stand arguing with someone who thinks he knows everything. It’s no use trying to escape the cold in Boston. USING GERUNDS after certain expressions

INFINITIVES

1.Infinitives talk about specific actions, or the purpose of an action. An infinitive is “to” plus the base for of the verb. 2.When a verb is intransitive, it is not followed by an object. Therefore, use an infinitive.

INFINITIVES 1.Simple: basic formation of the passive. Ex: The students want to complete the assignment quickly.

INFINITIVES 2. Perfect: emphasizes that the action happened in the past. Ex: The students want to have completed the assignment when the professor starts.

INFINITIVES 3. Progressive: indicates an action in progress. Ex: We want to be completing the assignment hen the professor starts.

INFINITIVES 4. Passive: the action is being done to someone or by someone else. Ex. The teacher wants the assignment to be completed quickly.

INFINITIVES INFINITIVES CAN BE USED AS SUBJECTS, OBJECTS OR COMPLEMENTS.

INFINITIVES 1.Subject: focusing on a specific action. Ex: To sleep is the only thing Eli wants after his double shift waiting tables at the neighborhood café.

INFINITIVES 2. Direct object of a verb: verb followed by an infinitive. Ex: No matter how fascinating the biology dissection is, Emanuel turns his head and refuses to look.

INFINITIVES 3. Direct object of a verb: verb followed by an indirect object and an infinitive. Ex: The teacher always challenges us to do our best.

INFINITIVES 4. Adjective complement: after an adjective of emotion use an adjective, often used with TOO or ENOUGH Ex: I am so happy to see you. I am too tired to go out tonight. Ex: The problem is not big enough to worry about it.

INFINITIVES 5. Object complement: describing the noun in front of it. Ex: Wherever Melissa goes, she always brings a book to read in case conversation lags or she has a long wait.