The Romans Alena Prokešová

Britain before The Romans  the Celts  many tribes, uncoordinated, no governmental structure  parts of Britain ruled by kings  frequent incursions into other territories

Roman Invasion  55 BC – Julius Caesar first invaded Britain – the Celts cooperated with the Gauls  landed on the coast of Kent, demonstrated his strength and returned to Gaul (France)  54 BC – came back with more soldiers  neglected Gaul, had to leave Britain  the Romans traded with British tribes, Britain is a very wealthy place

Roman Invasion  43 AD – Emperor Claudius invaded Britain  this time the Romans came to stay  Claudius entered Colchester in triumph  Iceni tribe had friendly relations with the Romans – their chieftains left in power  Roman attack to Iceni kingdom after the death of the king

Roman Invasion  queen Boudicca launched an uprising  almost managed to dislodge the Romans  was defeated and killed  77 AD Agricola became an imperial governor  he succeeded in conquering the Welsh tribes  Roman conquest of Britain was complete except for Caledonia (Scotland)  he dreamt about conquering Ireland, but it remained free of the Romans

Roman Invasion  122 AD – Roman Emperor Hadrian built Hadrian‘s Wall – between Roman Britain and Scotland  6 years to build it, 117 km long, forts  it was built as a defence from the Scottish Barbarians  142 AD – the Romans started to build Antonine’s Wall (Hadrian‘s successor Antoninus Pius) further in the north, but later abandoned

Roman Invasion  Britannia – England + Wales  the Celts adapted to Roman customs  they lived in villas, spoke Latin  the tribal centres developed into Roman towns

Decline in Roman Britain  around 300 AD – the attack of the barbarian hordes to the Roman Empire in central Europe  some troops withdrawn to help  attacks in the Nothern Britain from Scots and Picts  Gaul in the hands of barbarian rulers in the 5th century – no return of Romans to Britain

Roman Influence  Roads – straight, important for Roman army  Buildings: timber and daub – little evidence nowadays stone, brick and tile  Wealthy citizens: in the city – domus in the countryside – villas  Lower class: flats – called insulae

Roman Influence  Towns: the Forum – a market place, businesses and government offices, temples public baths, still in the city of Bath in Sommerset running water and sewers, aqueducts mosaics, pipes with water, central heating under the floors in houses of rich people the biggest – London, Colchester, St. Albans latin word for camp – castra, chester in old English – once a Roman town (Doncaster, Dorchester, Cirencester)

Roman Influence  Language – many words are based on Latin words, our alphabet is based on Latin alphabet  The Calendar – started by Julius Caesar, names of our months taken from the names of Roman gods and rulers  Law and legal system  The Census – a count of all people  Religion – worshipping of gods – temples

The Sources  junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/Romans.html#general junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/Romans.html#general  html html  d=ac71&pid=cly&from=&back d=ac71&pid=cly&from=&back

Thank you for your attention.