Beyond Spectral and Spatial data: Exploring other domains of information: 4 GEOG3010 Remote Sensing and Image Processing Lewis RSU.

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Beyond Spectral and Spatial data: Exploring other domains of information: 4 GEOG3010 Remote Sensing and Image Processing Lewis RSU

Domains of Information spectral angular multi-temporal distance-resolved spatial

Distance-resolved Can determine distance from satellites: –based on time-delay of signal

Distance-resolved Can determine distance from satellites: –based on time-delay of signal

Distance-resolved eg GPS

Distance-resolved EO example: –radar interferometry

Distance-resolved EO example: –radar interferometry: assume know satellite position 1 cycle (5.6 cm for C band) ¾ way through half cycle (¾ + 1)x180 = 315 degrees (360 degrees, 2  radians) ¾ way through 270 degrees 2 x d 1 = (N 1 +¾)x5.6

Distance-resolved EO example: –radar interferometry: 0 way through 2 x d 2 = (N 2 ) x x (d 2 - d 1 ) = (N 2 - N 1 ) x (¾-0) x 5.6

Distance-resolved EO example: position 1: –2 x (d 2 - d 1 ) = (N 2 - N 1 ) x (¾-0) x 5.6 position 2: –point on ground next to current point will have different phase change –if its within the same cycle (height change less than 5.6cm) can tell relative height change between these points very precise (mm)

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

11 Feb 2000 (Endeavour) - 11 days 30m DEM of +/- 60 degrees latitude

Distance- resolved Measure small change - subsidence

Distance- resolved Measure small change - earthquake

Distance-resolved LIght Detection And Ranging RAdio Detection And Ranging LIDAR RADAR

Distance-resolved LIDAR Send laser pulse from sensor measure round trip time = 2x distance use NIR mostly –atmospheric effects minimised

Distance-resolved LIDAR Examples - EA fly aiborne LIDAR regularly for high resolution DEM use first/last return ground height / tree height

Distance-resolved - LIDAR

Distance-resolved LIDAR Examples - VCL Vegetation Canopy LIDAR NASA mission to fly ???? waveform LIDAR

Distance-resolved VCL waveform LIDAR

Distance-resolved waveform LIDAR

LIDAR ‘Simple’ form of measurement easy to use (? Simply) doesn’t work (well) on high slopes requires highly-sensitive instrumentation potentials for new forms of information –waveform LIDAR

Interferometry Used for number of years –operational (SRTM) different ‘scales’ for different SAR frequencies doesn’t work well (for height) if change between images –wind in forests doesn’t work on high slopes