Piezo based Traffic Management System for Indian Roads By : Anirudh Kumar Mayank Mittal Pulkit Goyal

Introduction Design and development of novel method to control traffic congestion and observe related traffic violations based on instantaneous vehicular event pattern. Initiation of an event on the traffic lights based on the current vehicular density sensed through a network of camera and Piezo based sensors. Simultaneous detection and reporting of any Traffic violations.

Motivation Traffic monitoring system developed so far are primarily focused on structured traffic that is not the case in a country like ours. Development of overhead structures can’t be considered as a viable option since it increases the cost substantially, the same goes for under the road construction. Necessity to analyze traffic pattern, near real time reporting and simultaneous conduction of smooth traffic flow.

System Design

It will deal with the installation of Piezo sensor based circuitry on the road to detect the different type of vehicles and their corresponding density PPiezo sensors

This encompasses the control of traffic flow based on instantaneous vehicular density obtained from first phase. This also deals with the detection and reporting of the various offenses committed.

This will include the interconnection of traffic crossings to enable intercommunication between subsequent crossings to ensure smooth flow of traffic and allow for the desired redirection of traffic. Algorithm to allow special vehicles to reach the destination in the smallest time possible will also be implemented in this phase only.

It will consist of developing a mobile application to allow users to see the traffic on different routes and hence choose the best option possible for hackle free ride. Phase IV It will consist of developing a mobile application to allow users to see the traffic on different routes and hence choose the best option possible for hackle free ride.

Current Progress Schematic block diagram of the various modules as listed above are prepared as follows :- Jumping Signal Wrong Lane Drive Speed Offense Detection Vehicle Classification Density Based Traffic Flow Control Algorithm

Traffic Violation Detector ‘Red’ light starts the camera to detect violations Camera When ‘Red’ any vehicle passing by or jumping the signal is immediately captured by the camera and reported to the central system at the traffic dept.

Divider Crossing Detector Towards Battery An instance of a vehicle crossing the divider can be immediately reported to the authorities. Depending upon the severity of the problem an apt. action can be taken.

Check Vehicle Transmit Vehicle Detected Vehicle Classification & Monitoring The piezo sensors are capable of detecting the presence of a 2 wheeler, 4 wheeler (car, truck), 8 wheeler (heavy duty vehicles). This classification can be used by the authorities for operations such as road/bridge health monitoring, etc.

How the System Fares Existing MethodsProposed Methods Inductive LoopPiezo based system These detectors are very sensitive to the installation process, they can only be installed in good pavement, and they must be reinstalled every time a road is repaved. Simultaneous detection of multiple vehicles and vehicle classification is difficult. It is able to detect when and where vehicle passes and classify them according to their weight. No need of obtrusive overhead or under the road construction, thereby saving the cost. Video Image Processing Such a system need to overcome detection artifacts caused by shadows, weather, and reflections from the roadway surface. Due to 2-D visualization of the acquired image simultaneous detection of multiple vehicles becomes erroneous. Since it is installed on roads it is able to detect each vehicle discretely and hence monitor the traffic flow. It is able to detect multiple vehicles of different types simultaneously.

Existing MethodsProposed Methods Ultrasonic DetectorsPiezo based system These systems need to be mounted in a down-looking configuration as perpendicular as possible to the target (as opposed to side mounting). Difficulty in identifying lane-straddling vehicles and vehicles traveling side by side, and susceptibility to high wind speeds. No need of obtrusive overhead or under the road construction, thereby saving the cost. It is able to detect multiple vehicles of different types simultaneously and report traffic violations. Microwave Radar It can lead to unwanted vehicle detection based on reception of side-lobe radiation, and false detection due to multipath. Presents an obtrusive method of vehicle detection and surveillance. Since detection is based on physical contact with the sensor so it highly accurate. No need of obtrusive overhead or under the road construction, thereby saving the cost.

Traffic Analysis Case Study : New Jersey, USA According to a study by Texas A&M Transportation Institute, an estimate of 2.9 billion gallons of fuel worth $121 billion gets wasted due to congestion, annually. Approximately 56 billion pounds of greenhouse gases such as CO were released into the atmosphere in the year 2011 only. It was also reported that for raising the engine speed from 600 to 1050 rpm, the NOx, and CO2 emission increases by 2.5, 2 & 5 times (in grams/ hour) while idling.

Case Study : Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India CO2 Emission Due to Vehicle Idling Fuel Wastage Due to Idling at Traffic Signal Ref : K P Tiwari 1, R N Singh2, J B Balwanshi “FUEL WASTAGE AND EMISSION DUE TO IDLING OF VEHICLES AT ROAD TRAFFIC SIGNALS ” IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology.

Case Study : Vehicle Speed Analysis Fuel Consumption v/s Average SpeedEmission rate v/s Average Speed ❖ Driving in safe range reduces Emission rate and Fuel Consumption. ❖ Communication between adjacent traffic crossings achieves this. Ref :Mostofa Kamal Nasir, Rafidah Md Noor, M.A Kalam “Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Pollutant Using Intelligent Transport Systems” Scientific WorldJournal. 2014; 2014:

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