Old but New…New but Old Modified Conventional Energy Technologies And “Bridging” Technologies

Modified Technologies Carbon Capture and Sequestration – Burn coal – Capture all CO 2 emissions – Sequester CO 2 emissions by pumping into The ground Caves Oil wells The Deep Ocean

Other Methods of Carbon Storage Bio-storage – Grow stuff and bury it Mineral storage – Make Limestone

CCS: Does it really work? “Pilot Plants” in operation Questions about “submerged” lifetime No long term data Requires extra energy (25%-40%) Acidify the oceans? Takes too long to grow stuff Takes too long to make limestone and too much energy, even though its exothermic Cost? Stay tuned!!

Nukes: Good, Bad, or Bridging? Works really well Proven Technology Reliable Continuous; day or night, rain or shine Excellent Base load power source Zero GHG Huge resource

Nukes: Good, Bad, or Bridging? Nuclear Proliferation Terrorism Accidents – TMI – Chernobyl Long Term Storage of High Level Waste Expense? Mining and other environmental impacts?

Nukes and Energy Independence

Hydro-Electric Zero GHG “Renewable” Excellent base load power Proven Technology Minimal Accident Risk Flood control Relatively inexpensive operating costs (compared to what?)

Hydro-electric Lots of land – Displaced people – Displaced species Large environmental impact Limited number of suitable locations Limited resource Large initial investment (compared to what?)