The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure  Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons.

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Presentation transcript:

The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?

The Atomic Structure  Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons.

The Atomic Structure.  Rutherford (1920) discovered positively charged particels called Protons.

The Atomic Structure.  Chadwick (1932) discovered particles with no electric charge called neutrons.

The Atomic Structure.  All atoms contain:  electrons.

The Atomic Structure.  All atoms contain:  protons.

The Atomic Structure.  All atoms contain:  and neutrons.

The Atomic Structure.  except the ordinary hydrogen atom which contains no neutrons.

The atomic structure Particle nameMass (kg)Relative masses electron9.109x proton1.672x neutron1.674x

The nucleus  An atom consists of electrons moving around a nucleus in the centre of the atom.

The nucleus  The nucleus of ordinary hydrogen is a proton.

The nucleus  The nuclei of other atoms consist of protons and neutrons

The nucleus  The number of protons Z varies from 1 to 92

The nucleus  Many elements with more than 93 protons have been made artificially and they are all radioactive

The nucleus  Neutron number N = number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

The nucleus  Nucleon number = total number of protons or mass number +neutrons in a nucleus

The nucleus  Mass number A= Proton number Z + neutron number N

The nucleus  Protons have positive charge.

The nucleus  Neutrons have no charge.

The nucleus  Electrons have negative charge.

Elecctrons in an atom  Elecctrons move in orbits, orbitals or energy levels around the nucleus

Elecctrons in an atom  In a neutral atom  Number of protons = number of electrons

Elecctrons in an atom  The arrangement of electrons in orbitals of an atom is called electronic configuration.

Elecctrons in an atom  The chemical properties of an atom of an element depends on the electronic configuration of on atom.

Elecctrons in an atom  The first shell is the duplet shell and can accomodate up to a maximum of 2 electrons.

Elecctrons in an atom  The second shell is called octet can accomodate up to maximum of 8 electrons.

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration.  Hydrogen  H  1 

Electronic configuration  Hydrogen  H  1 