PowerShell for IT Administrators Richard Siddaway Perot Systems

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Who am I? IT Architect and systems integrator Programming with.NET for several years Scripting with VBScript since NT 4 VERY interested in automation Using PowerShell since beta 2 (Monad) Run UK PowerShell User Group Think PowerShell is one of best pieces of technology EVER!

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of Windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of Windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

PowerShell Next generation shell that is: As interactive and composable as BASH/KSH As programmatic as Perl/Ruby As production oriented as AS400 CL/VMS DCL Access data stores as easily as accessing filesystems ExtensibleSnapinsProvidersScripts

Script Types Text.Net “interpretation” of the traditional Unix scripting model COM WSH/VBScript style scripting.NET Manipulate any native.Net object Commands Powershell cmdlets emitting objects

DataTypes Flat File – CSV etc.NETXMLWMIADSIADOADO.NETSQL

Accessing.NET Simple scripts need [STRING] and [MATH] Advanced scripts can use any.NET object Cmdlets provide the best admin and scripting experience.NET provides a safety net of coverage PowerShell provides access to the entirety of the.NET Framework

Windows Server System Security Infrastructure IT Operations Infrastructure Applications Infrastructure Collaboration Infrastructure

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

Learning and Leveraging In the Box Documents Getting Started, Users Guide, Quick Reference Guide HelpBooks Invest in your integrated lifetime earnings Community A wise man learns from mistakes… Practice ad hoc development

Try things out in an interactive shell Stitch things together with utilities Put the results in a script file Realize that the tools are unsuitable and restart with a new set of tools Generalize (e.g., parameterize) Clean it up  production-quality Integrate into your environment Share with the community Ad Hoc Development

UtilitiesDiscovery Get-Help, Get-Member, Get-Command Object Manipulation Compare, Group, Measure, Select, Sort, Tee, Where Formatting Format-(Custom, List, Table, Wide) Out-(File, Host, Printer, String) Export/Import-(Clixml, CSV) ConvertTo-Html

Primary Concepts Cmdlets Verb-noun naming Specific functionality Pipeline.NET based objects NOT text Help is text based Syntax is similar to C# Data – CSV, XML, SQL WMI etc

Issues Default install mode won’t run scripts Set-ExecutionPolicy No file association Can’t automatically run scripts Can’t double click script to run it No remoting – yet Can use.NET and WMI Current working directory is NOT on PATH.\myscript.ps1 Does not load all.NET assemblies Use [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName(" Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo ")

Learning PowerShell Demo

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of Windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

Administering Windows Some administrative cmdlets EventlogsServicesProcessesWMIScripting

Administering Windows Demo

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of Windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

PowerShell and Active Directory NO AD support in PowerShell v1 Exchange 2007 has limited AD support Quest AD cmdlets Currently Beta Quest PowerGUI PowerShell Community Extensions Scripting

Active Directory Provider PowerShell Community Extensions Access AD as “filesystem” Navigation Use core commands Interactive or scripting Associated cmdlets Issues – “open source”

Administering Active Directory Demo

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of Windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

Exchange Management Exchange Information no longer visible in Active Directory Users and Computers May need to rethink administrative tasks Exchange Management Console creates, uses and shows PowerShell scripts of actions Cannot perform all actions in GUI Administrative development model

Administrative Development Use the GUI Copy the script Modify Use cmdlets Create pipeline Put into script

Exchange Management Shell PowerShell is pre-requisite for Exchange 2007 install EMS = PowerShell + Exchange PowerShell snapin Both coexist EMS adds 300+ cmdlets

Administering Exchange 2007 Demo

Agenda What is PowerShell? Learning PowerShell Administration of Windows systems Administration of Active Directory Administration of Exchange 2007 Administration of SQL Server 2005

Administering non-PowerShell enabled applications Needs a.NET API SQL Server SharePoint SQL Server 2005 SMO = Server Management Objects Need to use.NET

SQL Server SMO Programmatic administration.NET object model Examples in C# Tasks View status Access data Perform backups

Administering SQL Server 2005 Demo

Summary/Call to Action PowerShell can be used to administer large and growing parts of your environment Now available at: Search for PowerShell Try it, Deploy it, Use it, Share

For More Information User group: My Blog Get-PSUGUK UK PowerShell User Group

Downloads Quest AD cmdlets: server/arms.aspx server/arms.aspx Quest PowerGUI PowerShell Community Extensions ojectName=PowerShellCX ojectName=PowerShellCX

Community Resources Newsgroup: Microsoft.Public.Windows.PowerShell Team blog: Channel 9 tag: Wiki: Wiki Script Center: Manning Press book by Bruce Payette: PowerShell in Action O’Reilly book – Monad: Introducing the MSH Command Shell and Language Sapien Press book by Don Jones: PowerShell MshAnalyzer tool

Resources Technical Chats and Webcasts Microsoft Learning and Certification MSDN & TechNet Virtual Labs Newsgroups communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx Technical Community Sites User Groups

Any Questions?

Ihr Potenzial. Unser Antrieb. Thank you for attending this TechNet Event Find these slides at:

Reference Slides

Scripting with COM Access existing instrumentation Bind to COM objects $fso = New-Object -ComObject Scripting.FileSystemObject $m = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal] $word = $m::GetActiveObject("Word.Application") Invoke methods/access properties $fso.GetDrive(“C:”) $fso.VolumeName = “System Drive” Understand/extend instrumentation Extend and discover properties/methods Update-TypeData Office.Word.Types.ps1xml $fso | Get-Member Manipulate and format results Define and import custom formating Update-FormatData Office.Word.Format.ps1xml $word.RecentFiles | Sort name | Format-Table Allows more simpler/more powerful COM scripts because of utilities and formatting

Scripting with WMI PowerShell provides native WMI support Get-WmiObject Allows for inspection of WMI namespace Get-WmiObject –list [-Namespace xx] Get-WmiObject –Class xx –Namespace xx –Property xxx – Filter xxx –ComputerName xxx –Credential xxx Native language support [WMI] “\\JPSDESK10\root\cimv2:Win32_Process.Handle="0“ \\JPSDESK10\root\cimv2:Win32_Process.Handle="0 [WMICLASS] "ROOT\cimv2:WIN32_PROCESS" [WMISEARCHER]"select * from Win32_process WHERE Name = 'calc.exe'"

Scripting with.NET PowerShell provides native access to any.NET class Create any object [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Wind ows.Forms") $d = New-Object System.DateTime 2006,12,25 Access Properties/Invoke Methods $d.DayOfWeek$d.AddDays(-30) Access Statics [DateTime]::Now[DateTime]::IsLeapYear(2006) Allows admins to easily access and leverage a huge API set because of scriptability, utilities and formatting

Scripting with XML PowerShell provides native XML support Native datatype $x=[xml]"<a><b><c>TEST</c></b></a>“ $b =[xml](type c:\i386\mssecure.xml) Native syntax to access “data” view of properties $b.BulletinDataStore.Bulletins.Bulletin[0] Access to XML methods $b.BulletinDataStore.SelectNodes(“//Patch”) XML properties available through PSBase property $b.BulletinDataStore.PSBase.innerXml

Scripting with Text Invoke existing tools Existing command run directly after variables are expanded Harvest data from existing tools Parse output into variables using text utilities. Pipe data to SELECT and use –FIRST and –LAST Select-String Select-String Dir | Select-String Dir | Select-String [DateTime]”12/25/2006 7:00” ([DateTime]”12/25/2006 7:00”).AddDays(-30) Use functions/scripts to wrap the commands and convert output to objects or provide standard syntax Safely process text Use CLR types via Windows PowerShell to safely parse text [URI]” Allows admins to get 2-10x more power out of existing commands because of scriptability

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