What is Diabetes? Katie Mick, MS, RD, LD

True or False Diabetes is a rare disease

How Widespread is the Problem? In the United States nearly 26 million people have diabetes (2011) 11.3 % of the U.S. adult population The CDC projects that as many as one in three adults in the U.S. could have diabetes by 2050 if current trends continue.

True or False Eating too much sugar causes diabetes.

Diabetes develops because: The pancreas is not making any insulin. The pancreas does not make enough insulin. The body does not use insulin correctly. o Insulin resistance

A Warning Sign… Acanthosis nigricans Skin disorder in which there is darker, thick, velvety skin along body folds and creases Back of the neck, armpits, over joints of fingers and toes Most common in people of African, Caribbean, and Hispanic descent but anyone can have it. More commonly seen with obesity. ** Could be a signal that the person is at risk for type 2 diabetes

Three Types of Diabetes  Gestational Diabetes  Insulin resistance during pregnancy, appears during 18% of pregnancies  Usually goes away after birth, but some develop diabetes  35-60% chance of developing type 2 diabetes in the next years  Type 1  Autoimmune disease that is usually diagnosed at young age. Always need insulin!  Type 2  Most people with diabetes have type 2 (90%)  Usually diagnosed after age 30 or 40, but recently we are seeing type 2 diabetes at younger ages  Obesity and sedentary lifestyle play a major role  May take pills, insulin, or both

What is Prediabetes? Blood glucose levels increased but not high enough for type 2 diabetes Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) Fasting blood glucose level: Between 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL Increases your risk for: Type 2 diabetes Heart disease Stroke Healthy lifestyle changes may restore blood sugar levels to normal

Prediabetes: The Bottom of the Iceberg 35% of U.S. adults 5%-15% develop diabetes each year Diabetes: 26 million U.S. Adults Prediabetes: 79 million U.S. Adults

Risk Factors for Diabetes

The Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed. Diabetes complications can be prevented or delayed through blood sugar management! The Keys: Maintaining a normal weight, increased physical activity, and balanced nutrition!

Since we all have a role to play in preventing diabetes and obesity-what do we need to do?

Get Moving! Aim for 60 minutes of physical activity per day This can be split up into 10 minute sessions, 6 times a day! This can be split up into 10 minute sessions, 6 times a day! It’s just as beneficial! It’s just as beneficial!

True or False A person with diabetes needs to take dessert and sugary food out of their diet to keep blood sugar at normal levels.

Meals: You do not have to give up the foods you like to eat Sugar is not evil – it’s all about the PORTIONS Eating healthy with diabetes is a lot like eating healthy without diabetes

What would you eat? Drink Choices Soda 100% Fruit Juice Water Sweet Tea Flavored Whole Milk Kool-Aid Skim milk And drink? EntreesSides Chicken TendersFrench fries HamburgerPotato salad CheeseburgerOnion rings Beef and Cheese NachosFruit Cocktail Chicken Caesar SaladCole Slaw Soft TacoApple Slices Slice of Pepperoni PizzaWhole Wheat Roll Chicken Salad SandwichGreen beans Hot DogBaked Beans Roasted Turkey SandwichCorn on the cob Grilled Chicken SandwichSide Salad

Nutrition… it matters!

Which food group(s) below contain carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates (Carbs) Raise Blood Sugar Foods that contain Carbohydrates: Starches/Grains - Bread, Pasta, Rice, Couscous, Oatmeal, Cereal, Pancakes/Waffles Fruits Vegetables Starchy veggies – Corn, Potatoes, Yams Nonstarchy veggies - less than 5 grams of carbs per serving… Not enough to significantly raise your blood sugar! Legumes - Peas (green, crowder), Beans (navy, pinto, black, kidney, lima), Lentils Dairy - Milk, Yogurt, etc. Sweets - Cakes, Pastries, Candy, Honey, Syrup, Sugar, Ice Cream Beverages – Sweet tea, regular sodas, sports drinks, fruit juices

Nonstarchies · Amaranth or Chinese spinach · Artichoke · Asparagus · Baby corn · Bamboo shoots · Beans (green wax, Italian) · Bean sprouts · Beets · Broccoli · Brussels sprouts · Cabbage (green, bok choy, Chinese) · Carrots · Cauliflower · Celery · Chayote · Coleslaw (packaged, no dressing) · Cucumber · Eggplant · Jicama · Kohlrabi · Leeks · Mushrooms · Okra · Onions · Pea pods · Peppers · Radishes · Rutabaga · Salad greens (chicory, endive, escarole, lettuce, romaine, spinach, arugula, radicchio, watercress) · Sauerkraut · Sugar snap peas · Summer squash · Swiss chard · Tomato · Water chestnuts · Yard-long beans · Zucchini

Eat Regular Meals and Snacks Avoid skipping meals, especially if you are on insulin! Include snacks to prevent low blood sugar Try to space your meals out, at least every 4-5 hours

Make your plate COLORFUL

Watch out for extra calories… What is a way for someone with diabetes to enjoy sweetened beverages without compromising their blood sugar?

What could you change in your lunch? Drink Choices Soda 100% Fruit Juice Water Sweet Tea Flavored Whole Milk Kool-Aid Skim milk How could you change your drink? EntreesSides Chicken TendersFrench fries HamburgerPotato salad CheeseburgerOnion rings Beef and Cheese NachosFruit Cocktail Chicken Caesar SaladCole Slaw Soft TacoApple Slices Slice of Pepperoni PizzaWhole Wheat Roll Chicken Salad SandwichGreen beans Hot DogBaked Beans Roasted Turkey SandwichCorn on the cob Grilled Chicken SandwichSide Salad

Questions before we moove on? jeopardylabs.com/play/what-is-diabetes6