1. Name each part of the volcano Today’s Standard: The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive A B C D E F I H G

 Constructive ForceDestructive Force

 Destructive Forces: processes that destroys or breakdown landforms. ◦ 2 types: Slow (weathering) and Fast (Erosion) ◦ Ex. landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods  Constructive forces: forces that build up an existing landform or create a new one. ◦ Caused by: water, gravity, wind and glaciers. ◦ Ex: deposition, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods

 Destructive forces – destroy and wear away landmasses through processes like weathering and erosion. ◦ Weathering – wearing by wind, precipitation, freezing/thawing ◦ Erosion – wearing down & carrying away of land by natural forces  Destructive forces are those that are recycling the Earth, like Earthquakes and plate movement.  Destructive forces are those that relocate crust, like when wind erodes or takes away some of the sand on a sand dune or beach.  Farming is a destructive process, because the soil has to be dug up and moved around in order to grow plants.  Mining is another destructive process, because we dig holes into the earth or blow up parts of the earth and/or caves in order to get what we want.

 Weathering: a slow, destructive force that breaks rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. Can be by a physical (mechanical) or chemical process. Weathering Pictures

Mechanical weathering: the breaking of rock into smaller pieces by forces due to gravity, ice, plant roots, or other physical forces.

Chemical Weathering: the changing of materials in a rock by chemical processes.

 Erosion: the destructive movement of materials away from one place by wind, water, ice and gravity. Wave Erosion- caused by water Wind Erosion (Dust Storm) Grand Canyon Video

 Landslides: occur when gravity quickly pulls rock and dirt downhill.

 Floods: a great flow of water over an area that is usually dry land.

 Volcano: an opening in the Earth’s crust through which steam, lava and ashes erupt.  Cause both destructive and constructive changes to landforms.

Saint Helen’s Before Saint Helen’s After Mount St. Helens Video

Volcanoes can be constructive, but also destructive…

 Earthquakes: the shaking of Earth’s surface caused by the release of energy along a fault. San Andreas Fault, California

Tectonic Plates, Volcanoes & Earthquakes The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.

 Constructive forces – shape earth’s surface by building up mountains, volcanoes and other landmasses caused by plate movements. It makes positive changes!  Examples: ◦ When sand is deposited onto a river bank by the running water. This builds up the river bank, making it higher. ◦ A volcano erupting. This builds up the land around the volcano, making it higher.

Any type of geological event where land is uplifted.  Uplift - the movement of fault block (normal fault)  Mountain Building- the convergence of two plates

Deposition: the placing of materials in a new place (constructive force). Ex. Sandbars

 River Delta - Deposits of sediment at the mouth of the Mississippi River creating new land called a delta.

 Sand Dunes- sand is moved by wind Desert Sand Dunes Ocean Sand Dunes

The Bernard Glacier in Alaska's Saint Elias Mountains Grand Canyon – sandstone rock New York – lichen on granite; secrete chemicals that break down rock

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 List examples of constructive and destructive forces.

1. Give an example of a Constructive and a Destructive force? Then explain why it is constructive or destructive, remember some things fall into both categories. Today’s Standard: The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive

 Tomorrow is our test on Constructive and Destructive forces. Study your green notebook.  Monday we are turning in your green notebooks so make sure you have all your notes.  Monday we are doing BYOD so make sure you have your devices here for class

 What makes something a destructive force? ◦ It destroys or breakdown landforms  What makes something a constructive force? ◦ It builds up an existing landform or creates new land

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Weathering: Breaking down rock into smaller pieces ChemicalExample Chemical weathering is caused by rain water reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals. acid rain breaks down rocks like in granite gravestones and statues

Weathering: Breaking down rock into smaller pieces MechanicalExample the use of mechanical force to break apart rocks (Physical) Plants growing in sidewalk

A-Chemical Weathering B-Mechanical Weathering

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1 Chemical Weathering

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2 Mechanical Weathering

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Erosion- the process of moving sediment Water Brings weathered materials from their source to another location where they are deposited. Ex. Oceans and rivers Wind Picks materials temporarily up and transports them to another location where they are deposited, and either stored or re-mobilized and transported to another location. Ex. Moving soil or sand at sand dunes Ice Particles are plucked up or incorporated by moving ice and are transported downhill Ex. Moving land and glaciers Gravity facilitates the down slope transportation of loosened, weathered materials and enables them to move without the aid of water, wind, or ice. Ex. Landslide Ex. Landslide

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Examples: ◦ Earthquakes  Caused by moving plates:  Convergent plates that give us mountain ranges  Divergent plates bring new land where they are dividing  Caused by faults:  Normal faults give us uplift which gives us more crust ◦ Volcanoes  After the lava leaves the volcano it hardens to give is new land ◦ Floods  After a flood, material is deposited at a new location ◦ Landslide  At the bottom of a landslide new material gets deposited ◦ Sand dunes ◦ Deltas

pine tree eroded by wind 5. Nevada’s Great Basin National Park A- Constructive B-Destructive

pine tree eroded by wind 5. Nevada’s Great Basin National Park A- Constructive B-Destructive

6. Lake Tahoe – created by a normal fault A- Constructive B-Destructive

6. Lake Tahoe – created by a normal fault A- Constructive B-Destructive

7. Sierra Nevada Mountains A- Constructive B-Destructive

7. Sierra Nevada Mountains A- Constructive B-Destructive

8. Spring Mountain Range (Mt. Charleston) A- Constructive B-Destructive

8. Spring Mountain Range (Mt. Charleston) A- Constructive B-Destructive

9. Red Rock Canyon A- Constructive B-Destructive

9. Red Rock Canyon A- Constructive B-Destructive

10. Valley of Fire A- Constructive B-Destructive

10. Valley of Fire A- Constructive B-Destructive

11. Grand Canyon A- Constructive B-Destructive

11. Grand Canyon A- Constructive B-Destructive

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 We have discussed a lot of different things that are considered a constructive and a destructive force. What can be considered both? Why?

1. What are all the names for the hot stuff that comes out of volcanos? Today’s Standard: The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive

 Monday we are using our devices for a few minutes in class, please bring your id with the sticker and your device to class.

 Geological Processes