Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Motivation

2 Learning Objectives 1)Describe the two sides of motivation: movement and motive. 2)Identify the five basic needs in Maslow’s need hierarchy and differentiate among them. 3)Describe the two-factor theory of motivation and explain its relevance to the practicing manager. 4)Discuss expectancy theory, noting how both valence and expectancy theory influence motivation force. 5)Explain the value of money, employee satisfaction, incentives, and recognition in the motivation process. 6)Develop a “plan of action” for finding a job.

3 What is Motivation? 1)Motivation is a psychological drive that directs a person toward an objective. 2)Motives are the “whys” of behavior.

4 Figure Maslow’s Need Hierarchy When Physiological Needs are Dominant

5 Figure Need Mix When Physiological and Safety Needs Have the Highest Strength

6 Figure Need Mix When Social Needs Have the Highest Strength

7 Figure Need Mix When Esteem and Self-Actualization Needs Have the Highest Strength

8 Table The Two-Factor Theory

9 Figure The Result When Hygiene Factors are Not Satisfied

10 Figure The Effects of Motivators on Employee Performance

11 Figure Motivation-Hygiene and Maslow

12 Figure Motivation-Hygiene Continua

13 Expectancy Theory 1)Motivation = Valence x Expectancy 2)Valence is a person’s preference for a particular outcome. 3)Expectancy is the perceived probability that a specific outcome will follow a specific act.

14 Figure Range of an Individual’s Valence

15 Key Terms in the Chapter Motivation Motives Physiological needs Power Self-actualization Competence Safety needs Social needs Esteem needs Prestige Motivators Expectancy theory Valence Expectancy Achievement High achievers Need mix Hygiene factors Motivational force Equity theory Broad banding