1 HUMAN DISEASES -AIDS CLASS IX PREPARED BY;G.K.VINAYAGAM P.G.T(BIOLOGY) K.V.DHARWAD

AIDS- IN A FRIGHTFUL EXPANSION ! MORE THAN 25 MILLION DIED BY 2002 & ABOVE 35 MILLION INFECTED…. 2

INDIA HAS MORE THAN 4 MILLION HIV+ 3 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

4 [INDIA has the 2 nd largest population of HIV infected. 35% reported AIDS cases are among years.]

FIRST DETECTED IN 1981 IN USA AFRICA IS THE WORST AFFECTED BOTSWANA(38.8%),SWAZILAND, ZIMBABWE, LESOTHO - >30% OF THE POPULATION AFFECTED 5 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

6 WHAT IS AIDS ? AIDS-ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME Caused by a virus HIV- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 7 FIRST CONTRACTED THROUGH A TYPE OF GREEN MONKEY IN AFRICA & MUTATED TO VIRUS AFFECTING HUMAN ?

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 8 Affects the immune system

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DestroysCD4+T Lymphocyte cells. T-LYMPHOCYTE CELL 10 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

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LUC MONTAGNIER Discovered HIV in 1983 at Pasteur Institute in Paris 12 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

13 AIDS VIRUS

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 14 HIV- STRUCTURE

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DIFFERENT STAGES 1. WINDOW PERIOD -4-8 /12weeks.Shows symptoms of flu, fever, pneumonia,etc. 2.ASYMPTOMATIC PHASE-6-10 YEARS Develops AIDS T-lymphocytes/ml blood. 3.EARLY SYMPTOMATIC PHASE- a few months to years T-Lymphocytes/ml blood. Shows opportunistic symptoms 4. LATE SYMPTOMATIC STAGE – Less than 200 T-lymphocytes/ml blood. 5.ADVANCED STAGE-Less than 50 T- Lymphocytes/ml blood. 1-2 years. HIV+ AIDS 16 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

T-LYMPHOCYTE AFFECTED WITH AIDS VIRUS 17 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

18 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ELISA test Rapid test /Spot test Western blot PCR- DNA

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 19 WHEN TO BE TESTED? AFTER 3 MONTHS FROM THE TIME OF POSSIBLE EXPOSURE WHERE TO BE TESTED? IN HOSPITALS VOLUNTARY TESTING AND COUNCELLING CENTRE [VTCC]

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 20 A FEW SYMPTOMS Swollen lymph nodes Decreased count of blood platelets. Sweating at night. Weight loss. Brain damage,Dementia,Loss of speech, thinking ability. Other infections- TB,Pneumonia,cancer etc.

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 21 TREATMENT ART/HAART – ANTI RETRO VIRAL THERAPY GENE THERAPY BALANCED DIET

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 22 MODE OF TRANSMISSION. 1. SEXUAL CONTACT. 2. BLOOD TRANSFUSION.

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM CONTAMINATED NEEDLES USED FOR DRUG ABUSE.

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM INFECTED MOTHER TO NEW BORN BABY.

PREVENT HIV No sharing of needles- use disposable needles Avoid unprotected sex with unknown. Mutually faithful monogamous sexual relationship with uninfected partner. Proper medical care to prevent the transmission from infected mother to new born Awareness about the disease 25 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

26 AIDS QUILT

REMEMBER….. NO CURE FOR AIDS NO VACCINE FOR AIDS TRADITIONAL HEALERS &MEDICINES CAN NOT CURE HIV/AIDS. NO ONE CAN BE GUARANTEED TO BE HIV FREE EVEN IF THEY ARE YOUR NEIGHBOURS OR SCHOOL/ COLLEGE MATES 27 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

LIVING POSITIVELY PLWHA- People Living With HIV/ AIDS Education should not not be denied to HIV+ children. Refusal to study or work with HIV + should be pre-empted. 28 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

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NO RISKLOW RISK HIGH RISK Going to school with a HIV+ person Tattoos,ear piercing acupuncture Having many sexual partners Sharing towels Shake hand Razors, blades, knives Unprotected sex with unknown people Contact with a person who lives with HIV+ if precautions followed Sharing needles while injecting drugs, Blood transfusion with blood not certified as HIV free Mosquito bitesHIV+ mothers milk to baby 30 BY G.K.VINAYAGAM

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BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 33 For some having AIDS is like living in the dark. For others not having an understanding of AIDS, or its prevention is helping to keep others in dark. BE THE LIGHT !

BY G.K.VINAYAGAM 34 HIV positive. Com Provides information about living with HIV + KNOW AIDS NO AIDS !