By Rachel Kim and Luisa Righetti

Carbohydrates: Functions and Types Carbohydrates are a component of food that supplies energy (calories) to the body. - Gives energy to cells Used in different cells for different purposes Produces glucose Metabolizes fat Leftovers turn to fat 2 Types Simple Carbs - (Sugar) Complex carbs - ( Starches)

Carbohydrates: Facts and examples Made by plants to store sugars they produce We take the extra starch and make it into fat Fat weighs less for storing the energy than starch. Starches = Sugar molecules hooked together For every gram of carbohydrates there are four calories Examples include: Sugary cereals, Drink powders, sweets, jams, potatoes, pizza, crackers, flour, grains, fructose and dried fruit.

Fats: Functions and Types Insulates body and internal organs Provides energy Protects vital organs from impact Transports certain vitamins and minerals Energy storage in case of starvation Important component of our cell membrane Types: Unhealthy: Monounsaturated fats, Polyunsaturated fats Healthy: Saturated Fats and Trans fats.

Fats: Facts and examples The ideal body-fat ratio should be approximately 19-26% of a woman's body weight, and 12-18% of a man's body weight. Heat, light and oxygen destroy fatty acid. You'll find 9 calories in every gram of fat Fat is the 'energy reserve' of animals, plants and humans. Fat is an important part of a healthy diet Children need a certain amount of fat for their brains to develop Examples include: Pizza, burgers, Meat, chocolate, sweets, cookies, pastries, ice-cream, deep fried foods and cold coffees/milkshakes.

Protein: Functions and Types Protein builds, maintains, and replaces the tissues in your body. Your muscles, your organs, and your immune system are made up mostly of protein. Used to: Transport and store molecules Needed for mechanical support Immune protection Control of growth Control chemical reactions Types of Proteins : Enzymes =proteins that catalyze chemical and biochemical reactions. Hormones - proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many processes in organisms. Transport proteins - These proteins are transporting or store some other chemical compounds and ions.

Protein: Facts and examples We use the protein to make specialized protein molecules that have specific jobs. Made of components called amino acids. C an be used in combination with a higher calorie diet, hence a weight gain A ppetite suppressant. Examples include: Meat, such as lamb or chicken Fish, like salmon or tuna Dairy products, like milk or cheese or eggs Soya beans or pulses Cereals and grain foods, like rice or pasta, oats and muesli Seeds, like sunflower seeds

Fibre Functions: Prevents constipation Keeps digestive system healthy and working Reduces blood sugar swings Types: Naturally occurring fibre, Soluble fibre, Insoluble fibre, Functional fibres - Helps reduce high blood cholesterol -Keeps blood sugar levels stable. -Plays an important role in helping us stay fit Examples: Whole wheat, grain products, fruits and vegetables

Vitamins body needs so it can work properly helps you grow 2 types fat soluble water soluble body gets vitamins from the food we eat helps grow and develop body fat soluble Stored in fat tissue and liver carriers take from body, when needed water soluble Not stored in body Travels through bloodstream Whatever is not needed come out as urine (pee)

Vitamins Vitamin A helps with eyesight helps body fight infections cell growth builds healthy skin and hair examples: liver, orange fruits and vegetables, and etc.. Vitamin B makes energy builds protein in body makes red blood cells helps function nervous tissue examples: vegetables, dairy, whole grains, meats, etc.. Vitamin C helps heal body keeps body tissues (gums and muscles) in good shape holds cells together examples: citrus fruits, vegetables, and etc..

Vitamins Vitamin D absorbs calcium forms strong teeth and bones skin absorbs it from sunlight examples: milk, fish, egg yolks, liver, and etc.. Vitamin E protects tissues and red blood cells from damage helps prevent damage of vit A,B examples: grains, vegetables, vegetable oils, wheat, and etc.. Vitamin K “clotmaster” stops body from bleeding examples: vegetables, dairy, grains, and etc..

Minerals helps body grow, develop, and stay healthy makes hormones and keep a normal heartbeat performs different functions build strong bones solid substance → natural 2 types macro minerals trace minerals Macro Minerals body needs large amounts examples: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, and etc.. Trace Minerals body needs small amounts examples: iron, manganese, copper, iodine, fluoride, and etc..

Minerals Calcium builds strong bones helps build strong, healthy teeth functions nervous system examples: dairy, vegetables, fish, and etc.. Iron carries oxygen from lungs to blood cells examples: meat, vegetables, fish, enriched grains, and etc.. Potassium works muscles, nervous system properly makes water in body right amount examples: vegetables, citrus fruits, dried fruits, legumes, and etc.. Zinc helps fight off illness and infections cell growth heals wounds examples: meat, seafood, liver, dairy, grains, and etc..

Minerals Phosphorus healthy bones and teeth energy balances acid in body examples: dairy, meat, grain, and etc.. Magnesium healthy bones functions nervous system energy examples: dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, and etc.. Copper metabolism helps function blood vessels examples: meat, vegetables, grains, and etc..

Water half of body weight survive a few days without it carries oxygen to all cells part of immune system fights off illness digitises foods gets rid of waste main ingredient of perspiration (sweat) no calories dehydration → sickness dehydration= not enough water

Bibliography e/what-should-you-eat/protein/ e/what-should-you-eat/protein/