The Industrial Revolution GLOBAL AIS: UNIT 14 FOR THIS UNIT, WHAT YOU NEED TO WRITE DOWN IS IN YELLOW

Timeline FOR YOUR REFERENCE

The Agricultural Revolution

 Agricultural Revolution: a change in the way food was produced  Revolution Review  What was the Neolithic Revolution?  Change from hunting and gathering to herding and farming  Name two political revolutions and their results.  American: independence from Britain, inspired other revolutions  French: overthrew monarchy, Napoleon came to power  Latin America: independence from Spain, wealthy got wealthier

Changes from the Agricultural Revolution  Enclosed Fields  Made farm work more efficient  Crop Rotation  Increased crop production in each field  Better Animal Breeding  More food produced per animal  New Machinery  More food harvested using less workers

Results of the Agricultural Revolution  More food produced using less farm workers  The workers switched to working in factories  The extra food could feed the urban population  Which is important because more and more people moved to cities as industry grew  Population of society grew tremendously

The Industrial Revolution ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW FOR THE EXAM

Industrial Revolution  Industrial Revolution: a change in the way things were made  Domestic System (old way)  Making products using the following characteristics  At home  By hand  One person  Factory System (new way)  Making products using the following characteristics  In a factory  By a machine  Many people

What A Nation Needs to Have an Industry  Capital: Investment money  Labor Force: workers  Transportation System: To get materials to the factory and products to the market  Raw Materials: especially coal (to run machines), iron ore, wool, and cotton (materials for products)  Market: a place/need to sell your product  Great Britain had ALL of those things.

How Industrialization Affected Society  Urbanization  People moving into cities too quickly  Overcrowding  Unsafe living conditions  Working Conditions  Child Labor: kids were used because they could be paid less  Long Hours: hour days, often caused dangerous fatigue  Farmers also work long hours. Why was it more dangerous in a factory?  Dangerous Conditions: unsafe machinery, unsafe buildings

How Industrialization Affected Society Cont’d  Changing Social Roles  Women: either run household or work long hours for little pay  Family: lower class family life suffered  Why?  Children  Poor living and working conditions  Child labor  Unhealthy living

How Industrialization Affected Society Cont’d  Transportation: greatly improved  Better roads  Canals and railroads were built  Steam engine increased speed and options  Why did transportation improve?

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution LiberalismConservatism Wanted changesWanted stability (no changes) Supported new republicsSupported old monarchies Supported a Laissez-Faire economy (no government involvement) Nobles (upper class) controlled economy

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution Cont’d  Adam Smith  Wrote The Wealth of Nations  Introduced “Laissez-Faire” (hands off)  Government shouldn’t get involved with business  Thomas Malthus  A social conservative  “Poor people would continue to suffer as long as the population keeps rising”  He disregarded the technology that made it possible to produce more food

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution Cont’d  Charles Darwin  Wrote the Origin of Species  theory of evolution  Natural Selection  able members of a species will survive (survival of the fittest)  Social Darwinism (applying Darwin’s ideas to society)  Business: justification for owners to do whatever they had to do  Nationalism: in war  win or be defeated  Society: excuse for racial prejudice  Socialism  Economic System  society owns business, everyone shares work and profits

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution Cont’d  Utopian Socialism  When people wanted to create self-supporting societies  Everyone shared everything  Goal  peaceful, equal society  Marxist Socialism  Begun by Karl Marx who wrote Communist Manifesto  Workers of the world should unite and overthrow business owners through revolution  How does that concept compare to political revolutions?  Goal  end capitalism, create socialist (classless) societies

Industrial Revolution Rap!  You’re going to love this! You’re going to love this!

The Arts  Romanticism (late 1700s) – a time of revolutionary dreams  Emotion, not reason  Reaction to the Age of Reason  Give a characteristic of the Age of Reason.  Logic, experiments, observation, science  Emphasized fantasy, imagination, past glory

The Arts Cont’d  Realism (early 1800s): strove to show how the world really was  Considered the harshness of the world  Reaction to Romanticism  How does realism correlate with the Industrial Revolution?  Charles Dickens wrote this way  Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, A Christmas Carol  How are those stories realistic?  Photography was not invented yet  So how did realists show people how harsh the world was?

The Arts Cont’d  Impressionism (late 1800s)  Looked to future dreams  Reaction to Realism  Based on an artist’s “impression” of real life

Romanticism Impressionism Realism

Attempts to Reform Society  Sadler Report  A report on child labor conditions  Recognized child labor was not a good thing  Led to new laws against child labor  Education  Public schools were created  Got kids out of factories and into schools

Attempts to Reform Society Cont’d  Suffrage (the right to vote)  At first, just male property owners  Later  all white males  then women and non-whites

Attempts to Reform Society Cont’d  Labor Legislation: laws were passed to improve labor conditions  Safety Conditions  Less hours  Safer machines and buildings  Women and Children  Less hours  Less stressful types of work  Trade Unions  Organizations created to protect workers  Legalized in the late 1800s  Used strikes and protests to get what they wanted

Global Migration Causes  Social Causes  Population growth: got too crowded  Poor living conditions  Poor working situations  Political Causes  People were leaving monarchies and wanting democracy  Why?  Improved Transportation  New technologies improved the speed and efficiency of travel  Creation of new colonies spurred the spread of populations to new areas

Global Migration Examples  Europeans coming to America for new opportunities  Irish coming to America because of the Potato Famine