Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) A threat to swine production & swine shows! Stan Smith, OSU Extension, Fairfield County Dr. Andrew Bowman, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine Dr. Steven J. Moeller, Professor, Department of Animal Sciences

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) A teachable moment and a life lesson in Animal Disease!

3 UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 1.Is not Zoonotic – No disease in humans 2.Is not a food safety concern 3.Is not a new disease – but, new to North America 4.For those who remember TGE - PEDv looks like TGEv – but more challenging than TGEv at this time Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus PEDV is NOT?

4 UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PEDV Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman What is PEDV? Coronavirus Family of Viruses 2 Viral strains identified 2 Alpha strains Some variability in effects First Identified in the US April & May 2013 Rapid spread in hog states Significant piglet losses Severe diarrhea Dehydration Lack of nutrient uptake = DEATH in PIGLETS

Porcine epidemic diarrhea had been found in 27 states as of March 2014 – ODA – 3/19/14 Ohio Swine Health Symposium Number of Cases By State 3/14/14

6 UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Why is the Industry Concerned? PEDV in a sow unit Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

7 UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PEDV Sow Farm Losses Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Signs of PEDV Severe diarrhea and vomiting All ages affected – Older pigs less severe No response to antibiotic treatment High morbidity, variable mortality Death = 100% if < 7 d, near 100% < 10 d Older animals survive but may grow slower, breed less successfully, and shed virus for an extended time 24 hour to 4 day incubation period Affected pigs observed very quickly Spreads through herds very fast PEDV

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PEDV in a Nursery Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PEDV transmission Transmitted via fecal-oral route Pig to pig contact Infected manure transferred to healthy pigs Fomites - Things that carry infections PIGS PEOPLE TRANSPORT FEED ???? PEDV

Portals of Disease Entry Farm & Fair 2) Semen 3) Feed 6) Air 7) Water 1) New Animals 4) Supplies 10) Waste Management 12) Trash 13) Out-going Animals 8) People 9) Rodents/Birds/Flies Transport 5) Equipment 11) Dead Disposal Slide from Bob Thompson DVM,, PIC USA March 19, 2014 Ohio Swine Health Symposium

PEDV – Treatment Supportive care through hydration Wean all pigs 10 days of age or greater (industry approach) Nursery environment – allows closer observation and intervention Provide clean, dry, draft free environment High quality, plentiful water available – all pig ages Electrolytes – May aid hydration Nursing pigs < 7 d will die, < 10 d a few may live But, differences in strains in mortality rate – consult veterinarian

PEDV – High Risk Situations? Variable response by pigs – some could be exposed to the virus and show little to no symptoms, passing to other pigs High traffic areas Auctions, Local Butcher Plants, Feed Stores, Shows and Expositions There have been positive test result from a coffee machine and floors as convenience stores and truck stops across the U.S.

PEDV – Prevention Youth PQA Plus CCP #2 : BIOSECURITY Enter CLEAN, leave CLEAN Wear protective clothing – boots, coveralls, etc. Clean & Disinfect Everything: clothes, boots, tires, pedals, steering wheels, floor-boards, etc. Be aware of where you travel - other fairs & farms

15 UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE SdCV Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman Another Emerging Disease Swine Delta Coronavirus Identified by Ohio Dept. Ag. Reported in Feb, 2014 Effects are still being studied, more data to come.

Disease Prevention (all diseases) Establish CLEAN and DIRTY zones on your farm Manage People Movement, Equipment Movement, and Animal (pet and pig) Movement (isolation, acclimation) Keep Clean Zone Clean to prevent movement of disease into herd or out to other herds Manage Dirty Zone to reduce/manage internal movement of disease Clean Dirty

Four Steps to Sanitation Cleaning Washing Disinfecting Drying Slides from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Cleaning Remove all organic materials Fecal solids, feed, bedding Shovels, brooms, scrapers High pressure sprayers Slides from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Washing Detergent via a Foamer –Barnstorm or EZ Clean –Let soak minutes –High pressure rinse Why Foaming Detergents? –Foaming detergents break thru the biofilm left behind after cleaning –Allow visual assessment of coverage –Allows greater contact time on vertical surfaces

Disinfect Read Product Labels –Wear protective gear if needed Use at labeled dilution rates Allow labeled contact times –(10 minutes) Final rinse (if necessary) Select disinfectant based upon pathogens present Rotate disinfectants if needed Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Oxidizing Agents Virkon-S, Trifectant, Hydrogen Peroxide –Fast acting –Works in cold temperatures –Works in presence of organic material –Good for foot baths –Can use with a fogger (even in presence of livestock) Effective against: –Gram positive bacteria –Gram negative bacteria –Enveloped viruses –Non-enveloped viruses Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Aldehyde Disinfectants Synergize (glutaraldehyde) –Effective at temperatures just above freezing –Good for trailers in winter Effective against: –Gram positive bacteria –Gram negative bacteria –Bacterial spores –Enveloped viruses –Non-enveloped viruses Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Chlorine Releasing Agents Bleach (Clorox) Effective against most bacteria, viruses, fungi & algae Disrupts RNA and DNA structure Several disadvantages: –Rapidly degraded by organic matter –Highly irritating to mucous membranes and eyes –Corrode and rust metal –Effectiveness greatly reduced below 65 o F Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Drying 12 hours of drying time will destroy most of the remaining pathogens Helps destroy intrinsically resistant pathogens –Coccidia, Spores, Biofilms Increase heat and ventilation Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Additional PEDv Control Measures COMMUNICATE with neighbors and manure haulers Barn site and trailer cleanup are critical for reduced transmission Effective VACCINE control is still a long time out PEDV Summary

So, what’s the “life” lesson? Even if we don’t have baby pigs, disease prevention is the ‘right thing’ We’re protecting farms with sows in and around the area! Preventing a ‘break’ now may preserve livestock projects for future Responsible actions may prevent thousands of dollars of losses People pass viruses in similar fashion to animals (especially pigs) Like animals, the youngest children (and oldest adults) are at greatest risk Biosecurity is important in every aspect of life – human and animal These ‘teachable moments’ and ‘life lessons’ are why we are here!

What can club Advisors do? Talk about viruses and how they spread Club activities on ‘biosecurity’ and spreading ‘germs’ Relate the lesson across all species, including people Discuss how ‘germs’ can be spread in public Seize the moment... It’s a teachable one!

PEDV Resources National Pork Board Resources = Updates = USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Search Swine Disease and follow links American Association of Swine Veterinarians /