Laurales Magnoliales Piperales 3. Monocots 2. Magnoliids 1. Basal Angiosperms 4. Eudicots- the largest group Canellales

Monocots (11 orders) Petaloid Araceae Grass-like Monocots are monophyletic.

Alismatales (11 families) Araceae Symplocarpus foetidus Arisaema triphyllum

Symplocarpus foetidus flowers are bisexual. Note Spathe and Spadix

Arisaema triphyllum, Jack-in-the-pulpit. SpathSpadixLeaf

A developing inflorescence of Amorphophallus titanum, native to Sumatra.

Amorphophallus can produce a strong odor. In Indonesia it is called “bunga bangkai”, the "corpse flower."

Saving a specimen at the Fairchild Botanical Gardens harvesting.html

Taro Colocasia esculenta Araceae

Traditional Poi Preparation Quicker Method

Taro is one of the few crops that grows well in wet soils. It can also grow in dry areas.

Monocots (11 orders) Petaloid Araceae Grass-like

We will focus on 3 families in the Liliales: Liliaceae, Trilliaceae and the “Uvulariaceae” (not monophyletic). The Liliales

Liliales (8 families) Liliaceae Lilium spp. Erythronium americanum

Liliaceae, Lilium philadelphicum, note: loculicidal capsule, spotted tepals, location of nectaries at curled base of tepals, 6 tepals, 6 anthers, 3 parted stigma.

Liliales, Lilium sp., note 6 spotted tepals and 6 anthers.

Liliaceae, Erythronium americanum, one of our earliest spring flowers,

Liliaceae, Erythronium americanum, Trout Lily Note mottled leaves.

Erythronium americanum, note bulb (with contractile roots).

Erythronium americanum Later in flowering the petals reflex. Note 6 tepals, 6 anthers.

Liliales (8 families) “Uvulariaceae” Uvularia sessilifolia Uvularia grandifolia Streptopus roseus

“Uvulariaceae”, Uvularia sessilifolia, Bellwort

Uvularia grandifolia dissected flower.

“Uvulariaceae”, Uvularia sessilifolia, Bellwort. Note growth form with an underground rhizome.

Uvularia sessilifolia

“Uvulariaceae”, Streptopus roseus, Rosy twisted-stalk Close-up of flower. Note resemblance to Uvularia. Petals are free (not fused)

Liliales (8 families) Trilliaceae Trillium grandiflorum Trillium erectum Trillium undulatum

Trilliaceae, Trillium grandiflorum, one of our showiest Trillium found further south. Note a single whorl of 3 leaves and 3 sepals and 3 petals.

Trillium sp. Note: a. leaf venation (parallel primary veins, net secondary veins), b. 3 leaves, 3 sepals and 3 petals.

Trilliaceae, Trillium erectum, Stinking Benjamin Note 3 large leaves, 3 sepals, and 3 petals.

Winged maroon ovary of Trillium erectum

Trilliaceae, Trillium undulatum, painted trillium.