NEW CONCEPT OF NEW VACCINE

Airborne vaccine A. Varicella Vaccine:  Type: live attenuated vaccine.  Administration: 0.5 ml s.c  Immunity: 85%-90% for prevention of disease. 100%for prevention of severity.  Target group:  -children aged 18 months and up to 12 y who have not varicella before  -contact of cases: if given within 3 days of exposure.  Susceptible persons ˃ 13y e.g: health worker(2 doses,4-8 weeks apart.

 Hemophilus Influenze type “b” Vaccine ( Hib Vaccine ):  Type: The Hib conjugate &polysaccharides vaccine is an inactivated vaccine.  Administration: 0.5ml I.M,3 or 4 doses  Immunity: More than 95% of infants will be protected after two or three doses.  Target group:  -1 st dose:2m  2 nd dose:4m  3 rd dose:6m  Final dose: 12-15m of age( given at the same time of any other vaccination).

- People ˃ 5y given Hib vaccine at any age especially: - -before surgery to remove spleen. - Following a bone marrow transplant. - Immunosuppression as sickle cell dis or HIV.

 Pneumococcal Vaccine:  Type:. conjugate &polysaccharides vaccine  Administration: 0.5ml I.M,3 or 4 doses  Immunity: ppsv23 is 60%-70% effective in preventing invasive disease.  Pcv7 is 97% effective in preventing invasive disease.

 Target group:  1 st dose:2m  2 nd dose:4m  3 rd dose:6m  Final dose: 12-15m of age( not applicable till in egypt).  For 2years or older who have immunosuppression condition(HIV, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, organ transplant,……..)or take immunosuppressive therapy as steroid, cancer drugs or radiation therapy.  -adults who have asthma or smokers.

 Pertussis vaccine(whooping cough):  Type:. DTaP and Tdap vaccines are "inactivated" vaccines(pertussis, dephteria, tetanus).  For the pertussis component of DTaP and Tdap vaccines, purified components of the bacterium are grown and then inactivated  Administration:0.5ml I.M. children get 5 doses(2,4,6,18m & 4-6y).  Immunity:  prevent the disease & prevent severity and mortality in the affected persons.

 Target group:  - children ˃ 4 yrears( no reaction of encephalitis).  Single dose is given to pregnant mothers before given birth to her newborn to protect him from infection.  -health care workers.

Foodborne dis vaccines  Rotavirus Vaccine(leading cause of severe acute G.E among children world wide):  Type: RotaTeq and Rotarix are both live attenuated vaccines.  Administration: orally  Immunity:  74% protection against any rotavirus dis and 98% against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.

 Target group:(recommend routine vaccination of all infants with rotavirus vaccine.  -Rota Teq: given 3doses at 2,4,6 months.  Rotarix: given 2doses at 2,4 months.

T yphoid vaccines:

 New cholera oral vaccines: 1. 1-Live attenuated oral vaccine:  type: Live attenuated vibrio cholera O1 that stimulate formation of antibodies which neutralize the cholera toxins  Adminstration: Single oral dose  immunity: Highly protective (up to 90%) and extremely immunogenic

2-Killed oral vaccine (WC/rBS):  type: Heat or formalin killed whole cell vibrio choleraO1, classical and El-tor with purified recombinant B-subunit of cholera toxoid  Adminstration: 2 doses, one or 2 weeks apart and booster after 2 years for adults and children over six years

 Immunity:It stimulate antibacterial and anti toxic antibodies and attempts to stimulate intestinal mucosal immune response similar to that induced by natural infection. -Safe and produce a rapid short term protection of 85-90% during 6 months in all age groups after administration.  These 2 new oral cholera are preferred than the old one because:  They provide better immunity  Fewer side effects  Easy to be administered

 Combined HAV&HAB Vaccine(Twinrix):  type: the hepatitis A and hepatitis B combination vaccine for people 18 years of age and older.  Administration: 3 doses of Twinrix can be administered at 0, 7, and days, followed by the 4th dose at 12 months later.  immunity: full protection against hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections.

 Target group: -people traveling to areas with high rates of hepatitis A and hepatitis B and emergency responders, especially those being deployed to disaster areas overseas. - people 18 years of age and older.