TYPES OF FOOD SUPPLY Crop lands – 76 % of the world’s food Range lands – 17 % of the world’s food Oceans – 7 % of the world’s food MAJOR FOOD SOURCES Rice, Wheat, Maize, potato, barley, sugarcane, pulses, fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, fish and sea food Major grains : Rice, Wheat, Maize

WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS India has 2% of world’s land, 4% of freshwater, 16% of population, and 10% of its cattle. Geographical area = 329 Mha of which 47% (142 Mha) is cultivated, 23% forested, 7% under non-agri use, 23% waste. Per capita availability of land 50 years ago was 0.9 ha, could be only ha in Out of cultivated area, 37% is irrigated which produces 55% food; 63% is rain-fed producing 45% of 200 M t of food. In 50 years (ultimate), proportion could be 50:50 producing 75:25 of 500 M t of required food.

WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS CAUSES Population increases and cultivable land area decreases Environmental degradation of net primary productivity which supports all life Urbanisation Major food sources were consumed more.

DeficiencyHealth effect No. of cases Proteins and calories Stunted growth 750 million IronAnameia350 million IodineGoitre150 million Vitamin ABlindness6 million FAO Estimation – 2500 calories/day (minimum calorific intake) Undernourished - Less than 90% Seriously undernourished - Less than 80% Malnutrition – Lack of nutrition Obesity Impacts of malnutrition

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELATED TO FOOD RESOURCES 1.OVERGRAZING LAND DEGRADATION (exposed soil gets compacted) SOIL EROSION (loose soil, get eroded) LOSS OF USEFUL SPECIES (2° species less nutritive) Carrying capacity : Maximum population that can be supported by it on sustainable basis

2. AGRICULTURE TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE Impacts Shifting cultivation Depletion of nutrients (cutting& burning the trees) Soil erosion Deforestation

3. MODERN AGRICULTURE (i) IMPACTS LEADING TO HIGH YIELDING VARIETIE S (ii) FERTILIZER RELATED PROBLEMS MICRONUTRIENT IMBALANCE NITRATE POLLUTION (Blue baby syndrome) EUTROPHICATION (excess of N&P-runoff water) ( iii) PESTICIDE RELATED PROBLEMS CREATING SUPERPESTS DEATH OF NON TARGET ORGANISMS BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION (non-biodegradable-food chain) RISK OF CANCER

(iv)WATER LOGGING Over irrigation of crop lands Inadequate drainage Mechanical strength of soil decreases

SALINITY Accumulation of salts such as sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride etc., Remedy: Good quality water supply for irrigation Using perforated drainage pipes to drain salt

TO CONSOLIDATE……