20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona H. Aulich, EPIA member, E. Despotou, EPIA Policy officer, H. Ossenbrink, EC JRC, I. Weiss, R. Gisler, WIP Industry vision on standardisation

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Status of the European standardisation PV Industry is mature and PV components are now on the market, so Standards MUST ensure fair competition European procedures need to be improved and made faster. No sufficient feed back to the Industry on what the standard institutions are developing (testing procedures) Unclear added value for the end-users

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Industry questions 1.Re-viewing from standardisation institutions of their procedures and practices taking into account industry needs 2.And so, answer relevant questions raised by the industry: –Does standardisation is an added value for the PV industry in the field of the international competition? –Where are the limits of standardisation in PV? –What are the ways for improvement of procedures –How to solve identified bottlenecks?

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona How to answer these questions Prioritize on the Industry needs Integrate the Industry inside the standardisation process Consider the market situation and its growth Establish confidence between standardisation institutions and industry Consider the international dimension

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Recommendations Improve communication issues between the stakeholders (institutes, industry, governments representatives, etc.) Establish clear and comprehensive procedures (e.g. CENELEC) Develop only useful standards for the industry

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Industry recommendations Make procedures more transparent Diminish the time needed for the development of standards Harmonisation of testing procedures Unify standards and certificates at the international level

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Conclusions of the first dialogue between Industry and Standards Institutes The main conclusion is for mandatory standards to improve the procedures and for non- mandatory targets to produce specifications by and for the industry Based on the experience of the semiconductor Industry, EPIA asks the support of SEMI (Semiconductor Industry organisation) and the collaboration of DKE (German National Technical Committee)

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona SEMI Experience on non-mandatory standards (specifications) Industry expansion strained supply chain and led to silicon shortage The great variety of tools, processes, and materials in use led to over 2,000 different user-created specs for Si wafers – and still no standards! A SEMI ® sponsored silicon wafer standardization effort was undertaken to eliminate the waste of having non- standard wafer sizes that nobody else could use In the Seventies

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona SEMI Experience on specification Growth and Expansion Success of the silicon standardization effort provided the momentum of the SEMI ® standards program for the next several decades New areas for standardization were added : Chemicals, Equipment, Packaging, Photomasks, etc.

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona SEMI Standardisation Process Technology Trends Suppliers Users INDUSTRY NEEDS Idea to Committee Draft (Task Force) Global Technical Committee Consensus Procedural Review (RSC) Use 

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Fields of partnership between EPIA, SEMI and DKE for specifications Cz-, Fz- or mc – Ingots Crystal quality Doping and resistivity Carbon- and oxygen- concentration Lifetime Outer dimension, chamfer Surface condition No standard exists, no consensus on measurement technique. SPECIFICATIONS FOR INGOTS

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona No standard exists, no consensus on measurement technique. Fields of partnership between EPIA, SEMI and DKE for specifications Crystal type, Crystal quality Doping, Resistivity Carbon- and oxygen concentration Lifetime Geometry: Dimension Bevel Centre thickness TTV total Thickness Variation Bow SPECIFICATIONS FOR WAFERS

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona No standard exists, no consensus on measurement technique. Fields of partnership between EPIA, SEMI and DKE for specifications Surface and edge properties: Stains Saw marks Edge defects Cracks SPECIFICATIONS FOR WAFERS (cont.)

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Comparatively well established definitions and consensus on measurement techniques. Fields of partnership between EPIA, SEMI and DKE for specifications Draft for European specification adressing the following topics: Geometrie (l, w, busbar) Electrical properties (FF, Voc, Isc, ect.) Thermal properties Packaging and storage SPECIFICATIONS FOR CELLS

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Conclusion Industry Commitment and Support (industry participation of both suppliers and users) Timing (Excellent when compared with mandatory Standardization procedure, SEMI Specifications can be developed and published in 9 months!) Development of the ‘right’ specifications and measurement procedures Usage of the specifications (Well acceptance by the suppliers and the users) Specifications advantages

20th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona Thank you for your attention !