U3 Grammar Non-restrictive attributive clauses (1st period) 南京市第九中学 张茹芳 陆昕 林欣

Who is he? *The man ______ is sitting there is Brad Pitt. *The man ______ she speaks is Brad Pitt. *The man _____________ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. who/that to whom who/whom/that/-

Who is she? Cecilia, ______ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important. Cecilia, _______ body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. who whose

Differences: Comma The non-restrictive attributive clause can be left out. We can’t use “that” in it. We can ’ t miss the relative words, either.

Can you find the non-restrict attributive clauses in your reading, p 42,43 *I ’ m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.

*My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. *Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me.

It ’ s the same in China---many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight- loss pills, which are often dangerous.

More examples: He was very rude to the custom officers, which of course made things even worse. The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.

He missed the show, which was a great pity. Tip 1: Here, we know we can use “which” to refer to the whole main clause, and we can’t use “that”.

典型例题 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him. (2004, 天津卷 ) A. who B. that C. what D. which D

Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which D

Other examples: He has three sons, two of whom are doctors. Many people, some of whom are slim, are going on diets. China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

Tip 2: We can use most/ all/ some/ both/ part + of + whom/ which to express a complete or partial quantity.

典型例题 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. (2004, 辽宁卷 ) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that A

05 年高考回放 1. I have many friends, _______ some are businessmen. (2005 ，全国 II 卷 ) A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom D

2 ． If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 ，上海 卷 ) A. that B. which C. when D. where D

3 ． Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. (2005, 天津卷 ) A. that B. whose C. those D. what B

4 ． I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005, 辽宁卷 ) A. which B. when C. where D. that C

5. He was educated at a local grammar school, _______ he went on to Cambridge. (2005, 山东卷 ) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this C

6. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. (2005 ，安徽卷 ) A. when B. which C. what D. that A

7. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （ 2005 ，江苏卷） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which C

8. Jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody in the office. （ 2005 ，浙江卷） A. which B. that C. this D. it A

9. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （ 2005 ， 江西卷） A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which D

10. Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be. (2005, 湖北卷 ) A. who B. that C. what D. which D

11. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005, 广东卷一 ) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that A

Notice: We must use “that” in the following cases:

1. The antecedent is all, few, little, much, nothing, anything, none, one, etc. eg: As we all know, all that can be done has been done.

2. The antecedent is modified by all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, etc. eg: I have read all the books that you gave me.

3.The antecedent is modified by an ordinal or superlative. eg: He was the first that gave us some useful advice.

4. The antecedent is modified by only, very, last, etc. eg: He is the only person that I want to talk to.

5. The antecedent refers to people and things. eg: They talked of the things and persons that they remembered. 6. A sentence begins with who or which. eg: Which is the computer that I will operate?

7. A relative pronoun functions as predicative. eg: They are no longer the men that they used to be.

04 高考回放 The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year ’ s party was a great success. (2004, 全国卷 I) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which C

There were dirty marks on her trousers _______ she had wiped her hands. (2004 ， 全国卷 II) A. where B. which C. when D. that A

The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days. (2004 ， 全国卷 III) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which A

There was ______ time _______ I hated to go to school. (2004, 湖北卷 ) A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when B

Homework Finish the given exercises on p48-49

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U3 Grammar question tags (2nd period)

question tags

shmily

Do you say “ I love you ” to your parents, how do you say?

Sometimes, you can ask: You love me, don ’ t you?

This kind of sentence is called question tag. Question tags are short questions that come at the end of statements.

Question tags can be used when you … ask for agreement eg: you still go to the gym every day, don ’ t you ? ask for confirmation eg: you still go to the gym every day, don ’ t you?

Notice: 1. We use a negative question tag at the end of a positive statement; we use a positive question tag at the end of a negative statement.

Looking good is important to women, isn ’ t it? I was very lucky, wasn ’ t I? We shouldn ’ t be ashamed of the way we look, should we?

2. Words like neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little, never, hardly or seldom are considered negative.

Neither of you will have coffee, will you? No one has found my CD, have they? Nobody understood his speech, did they? His sister seldom argues with people, does she?

3. We use a personal pron. like I, we, you, he, she, it or they in a question tag. eg: you wouldn ’ t like to take these pills, would you? Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet, haven't they?

4. We use an auxiliary verb, model verb or be in a question tag. eg: You like traveling, don ’ t you? eg: You can ’ t speak Italian, can you? eg: There is something wrong, isn ’ t there?

5. After an imperative clause, we use will you. After Let’s, we use shall we. eg: Post a letter for me, will you? eg: Let ’ s have a break, shall we?

典型例题回放 Why does she always ask you for help? ---There is no one else she can turn to, ________? (2005, 北 京卷 ) A. is there B. is it C. can she D. does she A

2. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended _____? (2005, 上海卷 ) A. wasn ’ t there B. was there C. didn ’ t it D. did it A

1. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ________? (2004 上海春考 ) A. didn ’ t they B. don ’ t they C. mustn ’ t they D. haven ’ t they D

2. Bill ’ s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ______? A. isn ’ t it B. is it C. isn ’ t he D. is he A

Language usage:

1. consider 1) 考虑 consider sth./doing sth. eg: We must consider the matter carefully. We consider going downtown this afternoon. Ps: consider 作 “ 考虑 ” 时, 不可用 to do!

2) consider 认为 +that clause/ sb. to be eg: We consider that you are not to blame. She is considered to be warm-hearted.

3) consider… as 认为 …… 是 …… eg: We consider this matter (as) unimportant.

2. be skinny= be very thin 3. lift weights 4. side effect 5. achievement 6. take the risk 7. post

side effect; lift weights; be skinny Take this medicine according to the instructions and it will have no ______________. You ____________ enough without going on a diet! The doctor said he must not _____ heavy ______. side effect are skinny liftweights

achievement; take risks; post This is the greatest scientific _________ of the century. Advertisements must not be ________ on the wall. You can ’ t get rich without ___________. achievement posted taking risks

Homework P51, A, B P104, C1, C2

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