Identifying and Controlling Hazards Welcome! 1005

Workshop goals Explore the elements of an effective hazard identification and control program. Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and control process. Complete the hazard identification and control worksheet.

Form Teams

ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment. IDENTIFYING HAZARDS What do the rules say? ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment. Every employer shall… furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and… shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.

OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections. (a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or remedied promptly. (b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and dated report, signed by the person or persons making the inspection, shall be kept.

What does “qualified” mean? What criteria should we use to determine frequency of inspections? What does “remedied promptly” mean? What does your inspection report look like?

What do the rules for safety committees say? The safety committee is required to: Evaluate ____________ the accident and illness prevention program ____________ procedures for inspections ____________ the workplace for safety and health hazards ____________ how to eliminate hazards and unsafe behaviors Establish Inspect Recommend

What is a "hazard?" condition practice injury illness An unsafe _________________ or _________________ that could cause an ___________ or _______________ to an employee. injury illness How can a person be a walking hazardous condition?

What is “Exposure?” How close are you to the "danger zone"? Physical exposure - generally arm’s length Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

Which one of those incidents will end up as a serious injury? How does your perception about the severity of a hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard? Which one of those incidents will end up as a serious injury?

What you see are merely the symptoms: The direct observable effects of a underlying cause Are unique conditions or individual behaviors (you can point at a person or object) May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere May directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident May be important clues revealing root causes

2 3 95 Where do injuries come from? Unpreventable acts. Only ________ % of all workplace accidents are thought to be unpreventable. Hazardous conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA violations) account for only _________ % of all workplace accidents. What procedures do we use to detect and correct hazardous conditions? System failure. Safety management system failures account for at least _________ % of all workplace accidents. 2 3 95

Types of Hazards in the Workplace 1. Falls 2. Impact 3. Mechanical 4. Vibration/Noise 5. Toxics 6. Heat/Temperature 7. Flammability/Fire 8. Explosives 9. Pressure 10. Electrical contact 11. Ergonomics 12. Biohazards 13. Violence

Inspect to identify potential accidents Struck-by Struck-against Contact-by Contact-with Caught-on Caught-in Caught-between Fall-To-surface Fall-To-below Over-exertion Bodily reaction Over-exposure

1 Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards Inspections and Audits The inspection examines conditions in the workplace to identify hazards. The audit evaluates the quality of program design and performance to better control hazards.

How to develop an effective safety and health checklist. Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace. Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace. Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.

Who's involved in the inspection process? What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process? How can we overcome this weakness?

2 Observation Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety. Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

2 Observation What is the proper response when an employee observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?

2 Observation What is the proper response when a safety committee member observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?

2 Observation Formal observation programs can be successful tools for gathering and analyzing data so that safety can be improved.

2 Observation What group is well-suited to conduct formal observation?

2 Observation What happens when the perception that discipline might occur as a result of formal observations?

3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process... Break a job or task into specific steps.

3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process... Break a job or task into specific steps. Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.

3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process... Break a job or task into specific steps. Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices. Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process... Break a job or task into specific steps. Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices. Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards. Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).

Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process? It’s important to write an inspection report that effectively “sells” management on corrective actions. The following inspection report format is designed to give management useful information describing hazards and “bottom line” costs/benefits needed to justify corrective actions. 1. The Background/Introduction section briefly outlines the contents of the rest of the report and tells the reader: a. What the report is, b. Who conducted the inspection, c. Where was it was conducted, d. Why it was conducted. 2. The Findings section tells the reader the results of the inspection. It details: a. Specific hazards found, b. Underlying root causes or contributing factors that allow those hazards to exist, c. Possible accidents that may result, d. Estimated probability and severity of potential accidents, and

4 Incident/Accident Analysis All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how minor should be analyzed to identify and control hazards. Incident analysis allows you to identify and control hazards before they cause an injury. Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or have managed to slip out of the controls planned for them.

The two primary phases in the incident/accident analysis process Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss, accident) to determine what happened. Cause analysis Surface Cause Analysis Root Cause

What's the hazard? What kind of accident might occur?

What's the hazard? What kind of accident might occur?

What's the hazard? What kind of accident might occur?

Hazard + Exposure a Accident CONTROLLING HAZARDS Hazard + Exposure a Accident 1. Controlling hazards by engineering the workplace - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities.

Hazard + Exposure a Accident 2. Controlling exposures by managing work and workers.

Why are engineering controls considered to be superior to management controls?

Personal Protective Equipment What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers? Interim measures

Effective Maintenance Processes Two equipment maintenance programs 1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly. 2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly. How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?

Hazard Tracking Procedures

THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Team Exercise: View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards, system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity, corrective actions and system improvement. Hazard Analysis Worksheet Describe the Hazard: Possible Accident Type(s): Accident Cost Estimates: Risk: Recommended Corrective Action(s): Recommended System Improvement(s):

Review Quiz