China's Location in the World

1 kilometer = miles

World's Fourth Largest Economy * Largest human urbanization in history - poverty has dropped from 60% in 1990 to 16% in 2007 During world financial crises, China State Council announces in 2008 a $ 586 M stimulus package (7% of nation GDP) to build new airports, subways, low income and rail systems * Their "Tiger" Secret - Private domestic investment combined with rapidly growing human capital * Beware: China holds over $1 TRILLION in U.S. debt

China's Energy * In 2009, China's total electricity output trillion kwh * Annual consumption - Second largest in the world trillion kwh * Goal for Nationwide Grid between 2015 and 2020

Natural Energy Resources * Top coal producer - third in the world coal reserve - produces 2.38 billion tons - consumes 2.37 billion tons * Major crude oil producer with 3 state-owned oil companies billion barrels per year - demand forces China to import 47% of its consumption * Biomass - in million tons of corn used for ethanol - banned expansion of industry in 2007 * Geothermal – widely abundant throughout 2700 hot springs over 77 F - 7 plants operating at 32 MW

Natural Energy Source News from Shanghai Daily China may have 920 trillion cubic feet of potential shale-gas resources 5 year plan to triple the use of natural gas to 10% by 2020 (to be enabled by shale-gas resource) China state-owned energy companies spent $6 billion US on North American shale-gas assets in the last 3 months Natural Gas Production- 2,929 B cu. ft. consumption- 3,075 B cu. Ft.

70% of China's electricity is produced by coal-fired stations

Coal Chart

Three Gorges Dam 18,200 MW

The Largest Consumer of Solar Energy 30 million households with installed solar heaters Yunnan Province "Aspiring Solar City" 1/2 of 5M use solar water heaters

China's Wind Energy * In 2008 Wind Capacity 12.2 GW * By 2009 Wind Capacity has passed 25 GW * Ranks 4th in the World

1.9 % of total electric output China's Nuclear Power

China's Energy Policy * In January State Council implemented National Energy Commission * Golden Sun Program - subsidies, technical support, incentives * Chinese Ministry released statement for subsidies in 2009 of $2.93 per solar watt * Pledges to use 15% renewables for energy demand by 2019 * Renewable Energy Law priortized renewable energy development and usage * Policy for regulation of Hydroelectric dams

Policy Continued * National Standard of Solar Water Heaters * General policies - to standardize renewable products - to prevent environmental damage - regulate price of green energy * NREL (National Research Energy Lab) - Renewable Energy Promotion Law - reduction of air pollution - safeguard human health and environment - provide off-grid to rural areas - contribute to mitigating climate change - research and development and marketing * China invested $34.6 billion in clean energy

Policy Continued In 2009, China reached 7, million metric tons of CO2 emissions China increased its reduction target for emissions under the 12 th Five Year Plan to reduce emission per GDP by 18% over the next five years