Directional Terms and Body Cavities Anatomy & Physiology Directional Terms and Body Cavities

Surface Anatomy Anatomical Position When laying down standing feet together with toes up hands at sides palms facing forward When laying down face down = prone face up = supine Left and Right are from subjects perspective

Anatomical Planes Anatomical Planes are: a description of self-space space immediately surrounding body that is available for movement

Anatomy Directional Terms Rt and Lf are from specimen perspective Anterior the front, before Ventral belly side equivalent to anterior when referring to humans Posterior (dorsal) the back, behind Superior (cranial) above, toward top Inferior (caudal) below, toward feet

More Anatomy Directional Terms Medial toward midsagittal plane Lateral away from midsagittal plane Proximal toward attached body part the elbow is proximal to the hand Distal away from attached body part the fingers are distal to the shoulder Superficial close to the body surface Deep farther from body surface

Even More Anatomy Directional Terms Visceral Parietal Medullary Cortical

Why do we need to know about self- space? Defines the terms of movement directional joint movement muscle movement Using formal terms allows us to use fewer words when trying to describe movement teaching (educational) medicine (x-ray fims, therapy) research (biomechanics)

Anatomical Planes Frontal Plane Sagittal Plane Transverse Plane aka: coronal plane vertical plane from head to feet divides body into front and back halves Sagittal Plane divides body into left and right halves Transverse Plane horizontal plane divides body into top and bottom halves

Anatomical Movement Terms adduction (toward) abduction (away from) flexion (bend) extension (lengthen)

More Anatomical Movement Terms rotation twisting medial and lateral Suppination rotate so palm faces up or forward Pronation rotate to palm faces down or backwards

Anterior Body Landmarks

Posterior Body Landmarks

Body Systems Integumentary System skin, hair, nails protects from disease storage for fatty tissue produces vitamin D sensory input body temperature

Body Systems Endocrine System glands regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Body Systems Skeletal System bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints protection, movement, blood production, storage

Body Systems Muscular System movement, heat, circulation, communication

Body Systems Nervous System sensory reception and response homeostasis life functions

Body Systems Cardiovascular System respiration waste removal nutrient distribution

Body Systems Lymphatic System to collect and return interstitial fluid including plasma protein to the blood Defense to absorb lipids

Body Systems Digestive System nutrition waste

Body Systems Respitory System Gas exchange communication O2 in ☞ CO2 out communication

Body Systems Urinary System filters waste products from blood regulation of blood pH, ions, and volume (RBC’s) produce and secrete certain hormones

Body Systems Male and Female Reproductive Systems Offspring production ☞