WORLD GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 4 NOTES SECTION 1 RESOURCES AND LAND USE

I. WORLD RESOURCES **THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF RESOURCES: ** Capital Resources Money and machines used to produce goods & services ** Human Resources Humans who perform various tasks and their skill.

A. NATURAL RESOURCES -2 types ** These are materials in the natural environment that people give great value to and to satisfy their needs,

I) RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESOURCES THAT ARE CONSTANT OR ARE REGENERATED BY THE EARTH. EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. SOIL b. WATER THRU RAIN AND SNOW c. SUNLIGHT d.WIND **RENEWABLE RESOURCES CAN BE INTERRUPTED BY MAN. AN EXAMPLE OF THIS MIGHT BE AN OIL SPILL AT SEA.

2) NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES A RESOURCE THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED WHEN IT IS USED. FOSSIL FUELS ARE THOSE FORMED FROM THE REMAINS OF ANCIENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS. EXAMPLES OF NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. COAL, b. NATURAL GAS c. OIL **ALSO MOST MINERALS (ALUMINUM, GOLD, IRON, COPPER ETC) ** MAN CAN LIMIT USE OF NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES THRU PROGRAMS LIKE RECYCLING.

II. ENERGY SOURCES A. FOSSIL FUELS-THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY AT THIS TIME. ** CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS WILL DETERMINE IF YOUR COUNTRY HAS THE ABILITY TO GROW IN INDUSTRY. ** POLITICAL TENSIONS AND WARS WILL RESULT OVER CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS. EXAMPLES OF FOSSIL FUEL MIGHT BE: a. COAL b.OIL c.NATURAL GAS

ENERGY SOURCES B. NUCLEAR ENERGY CREATES VAST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH NUCLEAR FISSION **MANY PROBLEMS / CONCERNS ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY: 1) Dangers of leaks and explosions 2) Toxic or dangerous wastes 3) Uses up a non renewable source (Uranium)

C. HYDROELECTRIC POWER POWER OF RUNNING WATER TO CREATE ELECTRICITY. ** USE OF WATER, A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE ** CREATE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS. EXPENSIVE TO BUILD AND CREATE R42khttp:// R42k

D. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE INTERNAL HEAT OF EARTH’S CORE TO CREATE POWER (ELECTRICITY) TO HEAT AND COOL BUILDINGS ** COMMON IN AREAS WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY--ICELAND 6ZMpQhttp:// 6ZMpQ

E. SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTING AND STORING SUN’S ENERGY IN CELLS ** USE OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE EXPENSIVE TO FIRST CREATE 0http:// 0

III. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES A) RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES ARE NOT EQUAL THROUGHOUT THE EARTH. ** POPULATION CENTERS(BIG CITIES) ARE LOCATED NEAR RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES.**WHEN YOU DON’T HAVE THE RESOURCES THEN YOU HAVE TO TRADE FOR WHAT YOU NEED.

CHAPTER 4 NOTES SECTION 2 IV. WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES A. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES--ANY ACTIVITY THAT RELIES DIRECTLY ON NATURAL RESOURCES. EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:a. FARMING-CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT!! b.FISHING c. MINING d. LUMBER ** THE EARLIEST PRIMARY ACTIVITY WAS HUNTING AND HERDING.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY TODAY ** SUCCESS OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IS BASED ON KNOWING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND REGION YOU LIVE IN! ** IN POOR NATIONS OVER 50% FARM, WHILE IN NATIONS LIKE U.S. ONLY ABOUT 10% FARM. ** POOR NATIONS PRACTICE SUBSISTENT FARMING--GROWING ENOUGH FOR THEIR OWN FAMILY TO SURVIVE. (Called “SURVIVAL FARMING”) ** WEALTHY NATIONS PRACTICE COMMERCIAL FARMING--PRODUCING ENOUGH PRODUCTS TO SELL FOR PROFIT.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES USING RAW MATERIALS TO PRODUCE NEW MATERIALS OF A GREATER VALUE (EXAMPLE:TURNING LUMBER INTO FURNITURE) 1) COTTAGE INDUSTRY- a)Located near homes b) Small industries in size, c)Little technology-- Producing something by hand 2) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY Located in Big Cities a) Large factories b) Production of manufactured goods (clothing, cars, and appliances)

C. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES SERVICE INDUSTRIES--People perform a job or task EXAMPLES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE: a.DOCTORS b.FIREMEN c.SALESPEOPLE D. Car Mechanic E. Policeman

D. QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES GATHER, PROCESS AND SHARE INFORMATION. EXAMPLES OF QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE: a.POLITICIAN b.SCIENTIST c.TEACHER D. Lawyers E. News Anchors

V. GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS A. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS-DEVELOPS WHEN A NATION HAS A SURPLUS OR SHORTAGE OF PRODUCTS **EXPORTS--PRODUCTS & GOODS SENT OUT OR TRADED OUT OF THE COUNTRY. **IMPORTS--PRODUCTS OR GOODS PURCHASED AND BROUGHT INTO THE COUNTRY.

GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS B. A TRADE BALANCE-A FAVORABLE BALANCE BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. **COUNTRIES WANT TO HAVE MORE EXPORTS THAN IMPORTS **TOO MANY IMPORTS HURTS THE ECONOMY. **TAXES CALLED --TARIFFS CAN LESSEN IMPORTS ( A tariff is a tax on any product imported into the country!)

C. TRADE ROUTES METHODS AND WAYS TO ESTABLISH TRADE ** DETERMINED BY GEOGRAPHY, TRANSPORTATION, AND RELATIONS WITH A TRADE PARTNER. **ELECTRONIC TRADING IS BECOMING VERY IMPORTANT

VI. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT A. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TRADE PATTERNS **DETERMINES THE LEVEL OF A COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT ** COUNTRIES WITH LITTLE TRADE OR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ARE CALLED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES ** COUNTRIES THAT SHOW ECONOMIC PROGRESS ARE CALLED DEVELOPED OR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT ADVANCED ECONOMIC COUNTRY A COUNTRY THAT PRACTICES OR USES ADVANCED TOCHNOLOGY. GLOBAL ECONOMICS –WORLD WIDE INDUSTRY AND TRADE.