The New Deal USH-6.4

I. Turn around A.People wanted a president that would end the Depression B.Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) of New York is elected in FDR immediately starts relief, recovery, and reform measures 2.Collectively known as the New Deal

I. Turn around C.New Deal was not socialism even though critics said it was 1.Experts feel it saved capitalism D.New Deal helped alleviate the suffering but it DID NOT end the Depression 1.Massive spending on WWII ended it

II. African Americans A.Last hired and first fired B.Still suffered racism and discrimination C.48% of blacks were unemployed 1.New Deal opportunities went to whites

II. African Americans D.FDR was 1 st president to try to help 1.FDR consulted the “Black Cabinet” a)Black gov’t employees b)Not really in the Cabinet 2.AA threaten to march on DC to get more work a)Created a commission to protect the rights of AA workers

III. Women A.New Deal did not officially address women 1.Programs either prohibited women or hired very few B.Women had to find whatever work they could 1.Even though they were “stealing” jobs from men C.“Use it up, wear it out, and make it do or do without”

III. Women D.FDR named the 1 st women to the Cabinet 1.Frances Perkins was Secretary of Labor E.Also relied on wife Eleanor for advice 1.1 st First Lady to be politically active

IV. New Deal Programs A.Emergency Banking Act 1.Banks were closed for about a week 2.Stopped the banking industry collapse B.Fireside Chats 1.FDR got on the radio and was talking to Americans like grandpa by the fire 2.1 st one encouraged people to trust banks

IV. New Deal Programs C.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) 1.Insures bank deposits 2.Prevents people from losing it all by giving only portion of funds D.Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 1.Regulations on the stock market to prevent another crash

IV. New Deal Programs E.Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) 1.Paid famers a subsidy to NOT plant as much a)Lowers supply b)Slightly raises prices & income 2.Hurt sharecroppers by taking some land out of production

IV. New Deal Programs F.Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 1.Wanted to create electricity for rural areas 2.Built many dams along the Tennessee River and flooded large areas 3.Provided electricity for parts of seven states 4.Thousands of jobs were created 5.More money in the economy

IV. New Deal Programs G.Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 1.Built parks around the country 2.For unemployed men H.Public Works Administration (PWA) 1.Built schools, bridges, hospitals, air fields, etc. 2.Money is spent in local economies

IV. New Deal Programs I.“Court-packing” 1.The Court overturned a bunch of programs 2.FDR wanted to raise the # of justices from 9 to 15 3.They would vote his way 4.Did not pass J.Work Progress Administration (WPA) 1.Also built public buildings 2.Spent $ supporting the arts a)Writers, actors, artists b)Often used to promote other New Deal programs

IV. New Deal Programs K.Social Security Act 1.National insurance policy for the: a)Unemployed b)Disabled c)Elderly d)Dependent children 2.Workers pay into the fund 3.Works now but did little to help the Depression

IV. New Deal Programs L.Fair Labor Standards Act 1.Minimum wage ($0.25/hour) 2.Maximum hours (44/week) M.Wagner Act 1.Recognized unions and collective bargaining

V. Paying for the New Deal A.Most of these programs were paid for by taxes 1.Taxes in the rich increased 2.When they complained, FDR cut spending in Unemployment that had been dropping went back up B.Deficit spending has been used ever since to prevent depressions 1.Spending more than you make