Wednesday Seminars start this week, Monday seminars start next week Wednesday Seminars start this week, Monday seminars start next week Reading for next weeks lecture: Spence chapter 6-7, Schoppa chapter 3 Reading for next weeks lecture: Spence chapter 6-7, Schoppa chapter 3 First essay due week 7 First essay due week 7

Language Seven major dialect groups in Chinese language Seven major dialect groups in Chinese language Mandarin– a state-sanctioned, standardized language, based on a northern dialect. Now spoken as “standard” Chinese in the People ’ s Republic Mandarin– a state-sanctioned, standardized language, based on a northern dialect. Now spoken as “standard” Chinese in the People ’ s Republic Cantonese—spoken in southern China and Hong Kong Cantonese—spoken in southern China and Hong Kong Hundreds of Mutually Unintelligible Dialects Hundreds of Mutually Unintelligible Dialects One writing system throughout– a powerful force for cultural unification One writing system throughout– a powerful force for cultural unification

Pronunciation Pinyin vs. Wade Giles Pinyin vs. Wade Giles Pinyin: most common romanization for Chinese Pinyin: most common romanization for Chinese C pronounced ts (tsar) C pronounced ts (tsar) Z pronounced dz Z pronounced dz Q pronounced ch (chin) Q pronounced ch (chin) X pronounced sh X pronounced sh

Mandarin 妈 Ma 1 妈 Ma 1 麻 Ma 2 麻 Ma 2 马 Ma 3 马 Ma 3 骂 Ma 4 骂 Ma 4

Romanization Pinyin—widely used, especially in the PRC Pinyin—widely used, especially in the PRC Wade Giles—an older form, used in Taiwan Wade Giles—an older form, used in Taiwan Zhang Zuolin Chang Tso-lin Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung

Chinese Dynasties Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE BCE Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE BCE Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD Later Han Dynasty 25 AD AD Later Han Dynasty 25 AD AD Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD AD Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD AD Song Dynasty 969 AD AD Song Dynasty 969 AD AD Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD AD Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD AD Qing Dynasty 1644 AD AD Qing Dynasty 1644 AD AD