Regents Biology 2003-2004 Why do animals need a nervous system?  Because the world is always coming at you!  Take in information  Regulation Remember…

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Presentation transcript:

Regents Biology Why do animals need a nervous system?  Because the world is always coming at you!  Take in information  Regulation Remember… think about the bunny… Poor bunny!

Regents Biology Nervous System  Central nervous system  CNS  brain & spinal chord  Peripheral nervous system  nerves from senses  Take in info from environment  nerves to muscles  Allow for response cerebrum cerebellum spinal cord cervical nerves thoracic nerves lumbar nerves femoral nerve sciatic nerve tibial nerve

Regents Biology Nervous cells dendrites cell body axon synapse (space)  Neuron  a nerve cell signal direction ONE WAY signal direction nucleus terminal branches

Regents Biology Fun facts about neurons  Most specialized cell in animals  Longest cell  blue whale neuron  meters  giraffe axon  5 meters  human neuron  1-2 meters Nervous system allows for 1 millisecond response time

Regents Biology signal direction Myelin coating - lipid  Axon coated with insulation made of myelin cells  speeds signal  signal hops from node to node  330 mph vs. 11 mph Multiple Sclerosis  immune system (T cells) attacks myelin coating  loss of signal Multiple Sclerosis  immune system (T cells) attacks myelin coating  loss of signal

Regents Biology Synapse synapse Junction between nerve cells  1st cell releases chemical to trigger next cell – neurotransmitters  proteins – remember 3-D shape??  where drugs affect nervous system Drugs – 1. block receptor sites on receiving neuron 2.Bind with neurotransmitter to change shape 3.Prevent release of neurotransmitter

Regents Biology axon myelin vessicle terminal branch channel protein dendrite exocytosis (active transport) synapse protein Mitochondia – R – provide ATP

Regents Biology Types of neurons sensory neuron (from senses) receive stimulus interneuron (CNS -brain & spinal chord) motor neuron (to effector – muscle/gland) produces response

Regents Biology Human brain

Regents Biology Primitive brain  The “lower brain”  medulla oblongata  basic body functions  breathing, heart, digestion, swallowing, vomiting  homeostasis  cerebellum  coordination of movement and balance

Regents Biology Higher brain  Cerebrum  2 hemispheres  left = right side of body  right = left side of body  Corpus callosum  connection between 2 hemispheres

Regents Biology Division of Brain Function  Left hemisphere  “logic side”  language, math, logic operations, vision & hearing details  fine motor control  Right hemisphere  “creative side”  pattern recognition, spatial relationships, non-verbal ideas, emotions, multi-tasking

Regents Biology Simplest Nerve Circuit – Reflex Arc  Reflex, or automatic response  signal only goes to spinal cord - FASTER  advantage  essential actions  don’t need to think or make decisions about (automated)  blinking  balance  pupil dilation  startle – “fight or flight”

AP Biology Reflex ARC