הָאִישׁ מֹשֶׁה גָּדוֹל מְאֹד

The man Moses was very great Predicate Adjective

דְּבָרִים רַבִּים

Many words Attributive Adjective

לֵב חָדָשׁ וְרוּח חְַדָשָׁה ַ

A new heart and a new spirit Attributive Adjectives ַ

כִּי אֵל גָּדוֹל יְהוָה וּמֶלֶךְ גָּדוֹל עַל־כָּל־אְלֹהִים ֶ

For the Lord (is) a great God, and a great King over all gods ֶ

טוֹב־וְיָשָׁר יְהוָה

Good and upright is the Lord Predicate Adjective

Independent Pronouns  Like some of the prepositions, independent personal pronouns are separate forms  They may be used as subject pronouns/ subjects of clauses  Correspond to English’s  I, you, he, she, we, they  They may not be used as direct objects of verbs or as objects of a preposition  Special pronominal suffixes must be added to verbs, prepositions, and nouns to indicate pronominal relationships other than that of subjects.  These will be introduced later

Independent Personal Pronouns אְַנִי, אָנֹכִי I (1 CS)

Independent Personal Pronouns אַתָּה You (2 MS)

Independent Personal Pronouns אַתְּ You (2 FS)

Independent Personal Pronouns הוּא He/It (3MS)

Independent Personal Pronouns הִיא She/It (3FS)

Independent Personal Pronouns אְַנַחְנוּ, נַחְנוּ, אְַנוּ We (1 CP)

Independent Personal Pronouns אַתֶּם You (2 MP)

Independent Personal Pronouns אַתֶּן,אַתֵּנָה You (2 FP)

Independent Personal Pronouns הֵם, הֵמָּה They (3 MP)

Independent Personal Pronouns הֵן, הֵנָּה They (3 FP)

Independent Pronouns  Often sentences that use independent personal pronouns as subjects will be verbless clauses (with the verb ‘to be’ implied)  The present tense of ‘to be’ is not expressed with a word in Hebrew, it is implied and must be added in English.

Independent Pronouns אַתָּה הָאִישׁ

Independent Pronouns אַתָּה הָאִישׁ

Independent Pronouns אַתָּה הָאִישׁ 2 nd Person Masculine Singular

Independent Pronouns אַתָּה הָאִישׁ You (are)

Independent Pronouns אַתָּה הָאִישׁ the man You (are)

Independent Pronouns אַתָּה הָאִישׁ You (are) the man

Independent Pronouns אַחִים אְַנָחְנוּ

Independent Pronouns אַחִים אְַנָחְנוּ

Independent Pronouns אַחִים אְַנָחְנוּ 1 st person Common Plural

Independent Pronouns אַחִים אְַנָחְנוּ brothers

Independent Pronouns אַחִים אְַנָחְנוּ We (are) brothers

Independent Pronouns כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא Exodus 13:17

Independent Pronouns כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא Exodus 13:17

Independent Pronouns כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא 3 rd Person Masculine Singular He/It

Independent Pronouns כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא for

Independent Pronouns כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא near for

Independent Pronouns כִּי קַרוֹב הוּא It (was) near for

Independent Pronouns כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא For it (was) near

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן 1 Kings 3:7

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן 1 Kings 3:7

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן 1 st Person Common Singular

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן and I (am)

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן Child and I (am)

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן little child and I (am)

Independent Pronouns וְאָנֹכִי נַעַר קָטֹן And I (am) a little child

Independent Pronouns כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה Gen. 3:19

Independent Pronouns כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה 2 nd Person Masculine Singular

Independent Pronouns כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה For

Independent Pronouns כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה Dust For

Independent Pronouns כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה You (are) Dust For

Independent Pronouns כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה For you (are) dust

Independent Pronouns כִּי־קְרֹבִימ הֵם Joshua 9:16

כִּי־קְרֹבִימ הֵם 3 rd Person Masculine Plural IPP

כִּי־קְרֹבִימ הֵם for

כִּי־קְרֹבִימ הֵם near (ones) for

כִּי־קְרֹבִימ הֵם they (were) near (ones) for

כִּי־קְרֹבִימ הֵם For they (were) near ones/neighbors

Demonstratives  Demonstrative Pronouns by their nature identify  They indicate something or someone being singled out for attention  This man  This is the man  Predominately used for  noun/pronoun + adjective constructions  Identification or Classification?  Identification  Subject > predicate  Classification  Predicate > subject

Near Demonstrative Pronouns זֶה This MS

Near Demonstrative Pronouns זֹאת This FS

Far Demonstrative Pronouns הוּא That MS

Far Demonstrative Pronouns הִיא That FS

Near Demonstrative Pronouns אֵלֶּה These MP

Near Demonstrative Pronouns אֵלֶּה These FP

Far Demonstrative Pronouns הֵמָּה, הֵם Those MP

Far Demonstrative Pronouns הֵנָּה, הֵן Those FP

Functions of Demonstrative Pronouns  Like adjectives, they may be used attributively. In this case they agree in gender, number, and definiteness with the nouns to which they refer. They also come after the nouns to which they refer.  Demonstrative pronouns regularly take the definite article when used attributively. Independent personal pronouns, on the other hand, may only be used as subject pronouns, and therefore never take the definite article.  Demonstrative pronouns may also be used predicatively. Like predicate adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the nouns to which they are linked but they never take the article.

Function: Attributive הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה Gen. 28:17

Function: Attributive הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה Masculine Singular

Function: Attributive הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה The this the place

Function: Attributive הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה this place

Function: Attributive בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא Gen. 15:18

Function: Attributive בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא Masculine Singular

Function: Attributive בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא the that on the day

Function: Attributive בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא On that day

Function: Attributive בָּעִיר הַהִיא Josh. 20:6

Function: Attributive בָּעִיר הַהִיא Feminine Singular

Function: Attributive בָּעִיר הַהִיא the that in the city

Function: Attributive בָּעִיר הַהִיא In that city

Function: Attributive הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה Gen. 29:13

Function: Attributive הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה Masculine Plural

Function: Attributive הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה the these the words

Function: Attributive הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה These words

Function: Attributive בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם Gen. 6:4

Function: Attributive בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם Masculine Plural

Function: Attributive בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם the those in the days

Function: Attributive בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם In those days

Function: Attributive  If a noun is modified by an adjective, the demonstrative pronoun will usually stand after the adjective

Function: Attributive הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה 1 Samuel 12:16

Function: Attributive הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה Masculine Singular

Function: Attributive הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה the thing

Function: Attributive הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה the great the thing

Function: Attributive הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה the this the great the thing

Function: Attributive הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה This great thing

Function: Attributive הַמִדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל הַהוּא Deut. 1:19

Function: Attributive הַמִדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל הַהוּא Masculine Singular

Function: Attributive הַמִדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל הַהוּא The wilderness

Function: Attributive הַמִדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל הַהוּא the great the wilderness

Function: Attributive הַמִדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל הַהוּא the that the great the wilderness

Function: Attributive הַמִדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל הַהוּא That great wilderness

Function: Attributive הַשָּׁנִים הַטֹּבֹת הָאֵלֶּה Gen. 41:35

Function: Attributive הַשָּׁנִים הַטֹּבֹת הָאֵלֶּה Feminine Plural

Function: Attributive הַשָּׁנִים הַטֹּבֹת הָאֵלֶּה The years

Function: Attributive הַשָּׁנִים הַטֹּבֹת הָאֵלֶּה the good the years

Function: Attributive הַשָּׁנִים הַטֹּבֹת הָאֵלֶּה the these the good the years

Function: Attributive הַשָּׁנִים הַטֹּבֹת הָאֵלֶּה these good years

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה Deuteronomy 4:6

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה Masculine Singular Adjectival

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה A people

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה wise people

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה the nation wise people

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה the great the nation wise people

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה the this the great the nation wise people

Function: Attributive עַם־חָכָם הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה a wise people (is) this great nation

Function: Predicate  Demonstrative pronouns may also be used predicatively. Like predicate adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the nouns to which they are linked but they never take the article.  They precede their noun predicates

Function: Predicate זֶה הַיּוֹם Judges 4:14

Function: Predicate זֶה הַיּוֹם Masculine Singular

Function: Predicate זֶה הַיּוֹם This (is)

Function: Predicate זֶה הַיּוֹם This (is) the day

Function: Predicate הוּא הַדָּבָר Gen. 41:28

Function: Predicate הוּא הַדָּבָר Masculine Singular

Function: Predicate הוּא הַדָּבָר That (is)

Function: Predicate הוּא הַדָּבָר That (is) the word

Function: Predicate אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים Deut. 1:1

Function: Predicate אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים Masculine Plural

Function: Predicate אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים These (are)

Function: Predicate אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים These (are) the words

Functions  Identifying זֶה הִָאִישׁ this is the man  Classifying מַחְַנֵה אְֶלֹהִים זֶה the camp of God this is