Parts of Speech Review

Objectives To refresh your memory regarding the parts of speech To ensure that you can distinguish between types of nouns, verbs, modifiers, etc

Nouns (pg 485) A noun is a word representing a person, place, thing, or idea Common vs. Proper nouns Concrete vs. Abstract nouns On page 486, classify the nouns in Exercise 1 as Concrete or Abstract (group) Collective and Compound Nouns On page 487, classify the nouns in Review A

Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in the place of one or more nouns or pronouns The word the pronoun stands for is called the ANTECEDENT. For example: Ms. Williams and Mrs. Gillespie talk about grammar too often. They are obsessive about correctness! The word “they” is a pronoun. What is the antecedent?

Types of Pronouns Personal—1st, 2nd, and 3rd person (I, you, they, etc.) Reflexive—refers to the subject of the sentence She tried to compose herself. Intensive—emphasizes the antecedent I myself would never shop there. Demonstrative—points out a specific noun That is an excellent argument!

More Pronouns! Interrogative—introduces a question What kind of ice cream should we get? Relative—introduces a subordinate clause Mrs. Carlton is the department chair who keeps us all in line. Indefinite—refers to something which may not be specifically named Most everyone knows somebody with a car.

Get a Partner! You have five minutes. GO! Exercise 2 on pg 490 asks you to identify the kind of pronoun being used. You and your partner are responsible for this completed exercise. You have five minutes. GO!

Adjectives An adjective modifies a pronoun or noun. “Modify” means “describe or make more definite” Questions adjectives answer: What kind? Which one? How many? How much?

Articles Articles are actually adjectives. (This is mind-boggling, I know). “A” and “an” are called indefinite articles because they refer to any member of a general group--a sweater, a slice of pie, a cappuccino. “The” is called a definite article because it refers to ONE SPECIFIC OBJECT.

Find a partner! You have five minutes. GO! Turn in your books to Exercise 3 on page 494. You will be identifying the adjectives and the words they modify in the following sentences. You have five minutes. GO!

Verbs Verbs express actions or states of being Action verbs—express physical or mental activity Linking verbs—connect the subject to information in the predicate that describes or identifies it

shall, will, should, would Verbs, con. Helping verbs—are attached to a main verb to create a verb phrase is, am, are, was, were be, being, been have, has, had do, does, did shall, will, should, would may, might must, can, could

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Transitive verbs have an object that receives the action The students loved the grammar review. (the review is what is loved—the object of affection) Intransitive verbs do not have an object that receives the action. Ms. Williams shouted loudly.

Transitive vs. Intransitive This can get confusing! Most verbs can be either intransitive or transitive, depending on the sentence. For example: We danced the polka merrily. We danced merrily. Same verb. The only difference is the object. If there’s an object, it’s a transitive verb. What about this one? “We danced at the Prom.” Danced is still intransitive because “at the Prom” isn’t an object—it’s a prepositional phrase.

Find your partner again! You and your partner will now complete Exercise 4 on pg 499. You will be identifying what kind of verb is underlined. You have five minutes. GO!

Adverbs Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs answer questions like How? Where? How much? How long? Let’s look at the examples on pg 500.

The Confusing Part… An individual word can function as many parts of speech. For instance, “dog” is not always a noun. In the phrase “dog house,” it’s an adjective. If you dog someone’s footsteps, it’s a verb meaning that you’re following closely. If you are doggedly pursuing something, it’s an adverb meaning that you are very determined. To determine what part of speech a word is, you often have to look at how the word is being USED.

Quiz—no partner this time! Turn to Review E on page 502. Number your paper 1-20 and identify the parts of speech. Work independently and quietly until the entire class has finished.