Section II: The Spread of Industry (Pages ) This section is about: This section is about: The spread of the Industrial revolution to other countries and how industrialization affected the United States. The spread of the Industrial revolution to other countries and how industrialization affected the United States. The difference between industrialization in western and Asian countries and their colonies. The difference between industrialization in western and Asian countries and their colonies.

We looked at Great Britain in the last section. We looked at Great Britain in the last section. Now, their ideas are spreading to the rest of the world. Now, their ideas are spreading to the rest of the world. Some of the world ’ s big industrial centers are on page 517. Were there any anywhere else? (I don ’ t see China on here). Some of the world ’ s big industrial centers are on page 517. Were there any anywhere else? (I don ’ t see China on here). You may have also seen the picture on page 516. You may have also seen the picture on page 516. Look at the “ Main Ideas ” on 514: especially B and C. Look at the “ Main Ideas ” on 514: especially B and C.

The Spread of Industry in Europe Following Britain's Lead Other countries saw what Britain was doing. Other countries saw what Britain was doing. Britain didn ’ t want competition so they passed laws forbidding people to take their new ideas outside the country. Britain didn ’ t want competition so they passed laws forbidding people to take their new ideas outside the country. The laws didn ’ t work, but Britain did have a big head start. The laws didn ’ t work, but Britain did have a big head start. Belgium became the next country to industrialize and then France (who offered money to spies who ’ d bring them British technology information), and then Germany. Belgium became the next country to industrialize and then France (who offered money to spies who ’ d bring them British technology information), and then Germany. The best case of spying was done by Samuel Slater, (who had worked with Richard Arkwright ’ s partner). Slater brought British ideas to the U.S. (New York) where he started the American textile industry with Moses Brown. The best case of spying was done by Samuel Slater, (who had worked with Richard Arkwright ’ s partner). Slater brought British ideas to the U.S. (New York) where he started the American textile industry with Moses Brown.

An Uneven Process The Industrial Revolution is really many separate events – with many of the great discoveries being made in England. The Industrial Revolution is really many separate events – with many of the great discoveries being made in England. Eli Whitney (American and the cotton gin) contributed and so did some French. Eli Whitney (American and the cotton gin) contributed and so did some French. But the I.R. really took off in places with lots of resources and lots of workers. But the I.R. really took off in places with lots of resources and lots of workers. This was more in Western Europe than Eastern Europe. This was more in Western Europe than Eastern Europe.

Industrialization in the United States The United States started out as a land of farmers (1790: 95% of Americans). The United States started out as a land of farmers (1790: 95% of Americans). Alexander Hamilton argued the United States needed to become a manufacturing country. Alexander Hamilton argued the United States needed to become a manufacturing country. He said it would help our economy and our country grow (more workers moving here for opportunities). He said it would help our economy and our country grow (more workers moving here for opportunities). We also have all the natural resources needed to manufacture just about anything. We also have all the natural resources needed to manufacture just about anything.

The Early Phase of Manufacturing One of the things the U.S. had to worry about as a new country was defending itself (lots of wars in the world at the time). One of the things the U.S. had to worry about as a new country was defending itself (lots of wars in the world at the time). Eli Whitney also helped with that - with the idea of interchangeable parts for weapons. Eli Whitney also helped with that - with the idea of interchangeable parts for weapons. This would make producing and fixing weapons much more efficient – and factories could produce a lot of them. This would make producing and fixing weapons much more efficient – and factories could produce a lot of them. ……………….. ………………..

The factory system soon caught on in the United States, but it did take advantage of people (and children) just like other places. The factory system soon caught on in the United States, but it did take advantage of people (and children) just like other places. One place that didn ’ t: Francis Cabot Lowell ’ s spinning factory in Massachusetts had about 10,000 workers. One place that didn ’ t: Francis Cabot Lowell ’ s spinning factory in Massachusetts had about 10,000 workers. This “ Lowell System ” hired many young, unmarried women, who ’ d live in dormitories (the idea had good and bad points). This “ Lowell System ” hired many young, unmarried women, who ’ d live in dormitories (the idea had good and bad points). Hamilton and Congress also came up with the idea of a protective tariff. Hamilton and Congress also came up with the idea of a protective tariff. This would put a tax on imports – making them more expensive than domestic products. This would put a tax on imports – making them more expensive than domestic products. A tax which makes imports more expensive than home-produced

Transportation and Communications Fulton ’ s steamboat “ fired up ” Americans. Fulton ’ s steamboat “ fired up ” Americans. To get waterways, we started digging many canals – like the Erie Canal which connected the Hudson River (NY) to the Great Lakes. To get waterways, we started digging many canals – like the Erie Canal which connected the Hudson River (NY) to the Great Lakes. The United States built many railroads, and eventually a transcontinental railroad – from the east to west coast (helping western settlement and trade). The United States built many railroads, and eventually a transcontinental railroad – from the east to west coast (helping western settlement and trade). Two more advances: the telegraph (Samuel Morse) and later the telephone (Alexander Graham Bell). Two more advances: the telegraph (Samuel Morse) and later the telephone (Alexander Graham Bell).

Advances and Setbacks Advances in Technology and Science Ideas in science also helped the Industrial Revolution. Ideas in science also helped the Industrial Revolution. Henry Bessemer (1850 ’ s) came up with “ the Bessemer process ” to make steel quickly and cheaply – and purer and stronger – and faster. Henry Bessemer (1850 ’ s) came up with “ the Bessemer process ” to make steel quickly and cheaply – and purer and stronger – and faster. This stronger steel made taller buildings, better and bigger bridges, more railroad tracks….. This stronger steel made taller buildings, better and bigger bridges, more railroad tracks….. And – the United States has plenty of coal and iron. And – the United States has plenty of coal and iron. ………………… …………………

In medicine: Horace Wells (American dentist) came up with a anesthetic to stop pain during surgery. In medicine: Horace Wells (American dentist) came up with a anesthetic to stop pain during surgery. Joseph Lister (English) began to use antiseptics to stop infections during surgeries. Joseph Lister (English) began to use antiseptics to stop infections during surgeries. Thomas Edison (in 3 years): the microphone, phonograph, the electric light bulb, etc…(1000 inventions) in his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Thomas Edison (in 3 years): the microphone, phonograph, the electric light bulb, etc…(1000 inventions) in his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey. X-Rays (Roentgen), Radioactivity (Curie), Einstein's ideas of physics and relativity – all in the mid to late 1800 ’ s. X-Rays (Roentgen), Radioactivity (Curie), Einstein's ideas of physics and relativity – all in the mid to late 1800 ’ s.

European Policies in India and Indonesia The Industrial Revolution came at the height of the period of colonialism. The Industrial Revolution came at the height of the period of colonialism. Britain's lead in the I.R., it ’ s powerful navy, and all the lands it controlled made in the most powerful country in the world. Britain's lead in the I.R., it ’ s powerful navy, and all the lands it controlled made in the most powerful country in the world. One place England tried to control was India (to hold them back from competing for textile power). They really mis-managed their control of India ’ s resources and people. One place England tried to control was India (to hold them back from competing for textile power). They really mis-managed their control of India ’ s resources and people. The Dutch also expanded their empire into Indonesia, and didn ’ t do them too many favors either. The Dutch also expanded their empire into Indonesia, and didn ’ t do them too many favors either. (ruling foreign lands for economic and military power)