Liberal Revolutions History 104 / March 1, 2013

Louis-Philippe King of France, 1830-1848 the “bourgeois king”

February 1848: Parisians at the barricades

Louis Blanc (1811-1882)

The scene at a national workshop

“June Days” in Paris

Nationalities of the Austrian Empire

Vienna, March 1848: angry crowds

Vienna, March 1848: attacks on aristocrats

Metternich flees… the Emperor Ferdinand abdicates… … and young Franz Josef becomes the new Emperor of Austria

Barricades in Berlin, March 1848

Friedrich Wilhelm IV King of Prussia, 1840-1861

After the victory: a citizens’ militia on parade in Berlin

Remembering the martyrs: funerals for Berlin’s freedom fighters

Pius IX Pope, 1846-1878

The central dilemma of liberalism in the 19th Century: Liberals call for power to the people… but which people?! Thus: as power devolves from monarchs to broader circles of the population, conflicts intensify among various national groups.

The Frankfurt Parliament, May 1848 - April 1849

Prague in June 1848: violence during the Pan-Slav Congress

Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894)

Violence in Vienna (Oct. 1848)

Friedrich Wilhelm IV rejects the offer to become Emperor of Germany (Apr. 1849)

Sweeping up the remnants of revolution

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte President of France, 1848-1851 Emperor of France, 1851-1870