Jan. 17, 2005JINR Dubna BMBF Detector R&D for the ILC W. Lohmann, DESY e + e - Collider 500 GeV – 1 TeV Fixed and tunable CMS energy Clean Events Beam Polarisation   option

Physics Requirements for a Detector Two cases: A light Higgs Boson, Measurement of Higgs Strahlung, e + e - Z H l + l - X (‘golden physics channel’), with  (m l + l - ) <<  Z Major Goal: Explore Elektroweak Symmetry Breaking Understanding of Particle Mass Generation Identification of the Higgs (Mass, Spin, Parity), Couplings Mass accuracy ~40 MeV Spin, Parity Higgs Field Potential,

Or, no Higgs Boson Strong Interactions of Gauge Bosons Impact on the Detector: Excellent Tracking Excellent Jet Reconstruction Excellent Vertex Reconstruction (Flavour Tagging, e.g. to measure Higgs branching fractions) -Reconstruction of the W’s from the measured Jet energies and directions e + e - Z H bbe + e -

Detector Hermeticity – efficient electron and photon detection at small polar angles SUSY: Detection of l  ,  sleptons for small  m signal major background :  ee  l  0 l  0 ee  (e)(e) l l  ~ 10 fb  ~ 10 6 fb

Performance Requirements in Numbers: Momentum resolution 10 х LEP Impact Parameter 3 х LEP dE/dx LEP Jet energy resolution 2 х LEP, HERA Granularity 200 х LEP, HERA Luminosity precision 3 x LEP Hermeticity > 5 mrad Dedicated Detector R&D needed

Example- “TESLA” Detector

Example: CCD technology 20x20  m 2 pixel, cos  =0.96, Inside a foam cryostat,180 0 K, thickness 0.01 % X 0 Critical: readout speed Silicon Vertex Detectors Other options: MAPS and DEPFET technologies

1.7 m radius, 3% X0, 4T B-field Challanges: Gas amplifiction system Field stability 100  m single point resolution Central Tracker- TPC Other option for gas amplification: Micromegas

Examples of Prototype TPCs Carleton, Aachen, Desy(not shown) for B=0 studies Desy, Victoria, Saclay (fit in 2-5T magnets)

Prototype Results Point resolution, Gem --Two examples of σ_pt measured for Gems and 2x6mm^2 pads. --In Desy chamber triple Gem isused --In Victoria chamber a double Gem --In general (also for Micromegas) the resolution is not as good as simulations expect; we are searching for why (electronics, noise, method). 30cm B=4T Gas:P5

Central region: Pixel vertex detector (VTX) Silicon strip detector (SIT) Time projection chamber (TPC) Forward region: Silicon disks (FTD) Forward tracking chambers (FCH) (e.g. straw tubes, silicon strips) momentum resolution  (1/p) =7 x /GeV FORWARD TRACKING +SIT : (1/p) = 0.5 x GeV -1

 E /E = 11% / sqrt(E) Tungsten-Silicon sandwich. With pad of 1x1 cm and 40 layers, 24 X 0, R M ~ 1 cm Other options: Shashlyk, Tile-Fiber, Scitillator-Si Hybrid Electromagnetic Calorimeter Hadron Calorimeter Stainless steel Scintillator tile, other options: digital calorimeter (RPC’s)  E /E = 35% / sqrt(E) + 3%  E /E = 30%/ sqrt(E) Energy flow measurement for jets: (Combined tracking, ECAL, HCAL) TPC ECAL HCAL Calorimetry LEPILC

Calorimetry Example Detector slab Si- Waver, 1 x 1 cm 2 pads Goal: detect electrons and photons, Photon direction from shower

Example of tile-fibre geometry dependence; varies from ~9 to ~25.e./MIP Silicon PM’s for read out =46 Calorimetry Steel-Scintillator Sandwich HCAL with WLS fibre readout Example of tiles equipped with fibres Hamburg, DESY, Dubna, MEPhI, Prague, LPI, ITEP Example:

MINICAL Prototype First Tests with hadron beam in 2005

Fast Beam Diagnostics Detection of Electrons and Photons at very low angle – extend hermeticity Shielding of the inner Detector IP VTX Measurement of the Luminosity with precision O(10 -4 ) LumiCal BeamCal FTD L* = 4m 300 cm LumiCal: 26 <  < 82 mrad BeamCal: 4 <  < 28 mrad PhotoCal: 100 <  < 400  rad Very Forward Detectors Beamstrahlung Depositions: 20 MGy/year Rad. hard sensors

Sensor prototyping, Diamonds  ADC Diamond (+ PA) Scint.+PMT& signal gate May,August/2004 test beams CERN PS Hadron beam – 3,5 GeV 2 operation modes: Slow extraction ~ / s fast extraction ~ / ~10ns (Wide range intensities) Diamond samples (CVD): - Freiburg - GPI (Moscow) - Element6 Pm1&2 Pads

The following proposals were approved: Barrel Calorimeters (electromagnetic and hadron) PRC R&D 00/01, 00/02, 01/02 Vertexing PRC R&D 01/01(CCD), PRC R&D 01/04 (MAPS) PRC R&D 03/01(DEPFET), PRC R&D 03/02(SILC) Tracking Time Projection Chamber, PRC R&D 01/03 Forward Calorimeters, PRC R&D 02/01 DESY R&D Program (since year 2000) These Collaborations represent the ‘state of the art’ in the fields

Beam Momentum Spectrometers (match the accuracy for m H ~ 40 MeV) Polarisation Diagnostics for Electrons and Positrons (electroweak precision measurements require sub % level) Accelerator-Detector Interaction (Lumi optimisation, Rad. Protection, BDS, Final Quad ’ s..) Additional Components These components need dedicated R&D, Most of the topics are part of the ‘EuroTEV’ project coordinated by DESY (partly funded by EU)

Ongoing R&D Programs in Europe, US/Canada and Asia Currently the Effort is in the Process of Re-Coordination (Think Global-Act Local), Detector R&D panel will be formed soon Next Milestones: LCWS Stanford, March 05 Snowmass WS, August 05 ECFA WS Vienna, Nov And many special workshops …… Worldwide R&D

Concepts: Gaseous or Silicon Central Tracking? B = 5TB = 4T B = 3T Large R Small R

Step 1. Form panels (see below) Step 2. To match accelerator CDR (2005 0r 2006?) Single preliminary costing and performance paper for all concepts. Step 3. To match accelerator TDR (2007?) Detector CDRs with performance on benchmarks, technical feasibility, refined costs etc. Received by WWSOC Step 4. When Global Lab. is formed (2008?) L.O.I.s for Experiments. Global Lab. invites TDRs. Step 5. Global Lab. + 1 year (2009?) G.L. receives TDRs and selects experiments. Time Schedule ILC Detector Its time to become a visible collaborator… (Detector R&D, MDI )

Summary R&D for a linear Collider Detector will be a major effort at DESY in the next 5+x years In 2010 a clear scheme for the production of Subdetectors must be ready There is world-wide activity going on- lets unite our intellectual capacitance and expertise to invent the best performance subdetectors and demonstrate this to the community In 2008 we must be ready for LOI’s