The Respiratory System سیستم تنفسی AFAMS EO Part 9

AFAMS Lesson Overview نکات تدریسی 1.Function 2.Organization 3.Pulmonary ventilation. 4.Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. 5.Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. 6.Regulation of respiration. 7.Disorders of the respiratory system.

AFAMS Function of the Respiratory System (Insert Dari) The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood. Oxygen is essential for cell life. Insert Dari

AFAMS The Respiratory System سیستم تنفسی بلعوم بینی حنجره جوف بینی شزن ریه ها

Respiratory System Anatomy اناتومی سیستم تنفسی Nose Pharynx = throat Larynx = voice box Trachea = windpipe Bronchi = airways Lungs AFAMS بینی بلعوم = گلو حنجره = بکس صوت شزن = پیپ هوا قصبه = طرق هوائی ریه ها

External Nasal Structures ساختمانهای خارجی انفی Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane Openings called external nares or nostrils AFAMS جلد، عظام انفی، و غضروف بواسطۀ غشای مخاطی پوشانیده شده است قسمت های که باز میشوند بنام سوراخهای انفی یاد میشوند Insert Dari

AFAMS Internal Nasal Structures (Insert Dari) There are several sinus cavities located within the nasal structure. Insert Dari

Functions of the Nasal Structures وظایف ساختمانهای فمی Air entryway Sense of smell Mucous lining warms air due to high vascularity mucous moistens air & traps dust cilia move mucous towards pharynx AFAMS Insert Dari اپیتل شامی برای احساس بو Insert Dari در اثر وعائی بودن زیاد، هوا را گرم مینماید مخاط هوا را مرطوب ساخته و مانع نفوذ گردو خاک میشود سیلیا ها (مویکها) مخاط را بطرف بلعوم حرکت میدهد

Pharynx بلعوم Muscular tube (5 inch long) hanging from skull skeletal muscle & mucous membrane Extends from internal nares Functions passageway for food and air resonating chamber for speech production AFAMS تیوب عضلی (که 5 انچ طول داشته) از قحف آویزان شده است عضلۀ اسکلیتی و غشای مخاطی از فوحات داخلی به غضروف کریکوئید امتداد میابد وظایف معبر برای غذا و هوا یک محفظه برای تولید طنین آواز میباشد بلعوم

Larynx حنجره Commonly called the voice box and contains the vocal cords. Is responsible for sound production. Epiglottis protects the trachea from food aspiration. AFAMS Insert Dari حنجره ایپی گلوتس

Trachea شزن AFAMS شزن Connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with mucous and cilia (hair like fibres) which trap foreign particles and move them up and out of the lungs. Insert Dari

Trachea and Bronchial Tree شزن و شجر قصبی AFAMS قصبه ثالثی قصیبات نهایی شزن قصبه ابتدایی قصبه ثانوی قصیبات Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Insert Dari

AFAMS Alveoli (Insert Dari) Air sacs from which oxygen (O2) moves into the blood stream (via capillaries) and is then transported through the body by red blood cells. Carbon monoxide (CO2), which is a waste product, is also removed from the blood stream and exhaled through the lungs. Insert Dari

AFAMS Breathing (Insert Dari) Insert Dari

AFAMS Disorders of the Respiratory System (Insert Dari)

AFAMS Asthma Inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Insert Dari

AFAMS Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (Insert Dari) Often caused by smoking. Damage occurs to the airways and they are often blocked by mucous. The alveoli (air sacs) within the lungs also become damaged. Patients often have a bothersome cough and are short of breath. Insert Dari

AFAMS Respiratory Tract Infections (Insert Dari) Locations of infections upper respiratory tract is above vocal cords lower respiratory tract is below vocal cords موقعیت های انتانات طرق هوائی علوی عبارت از قسمت بالاتر از حبول صوتی است طرق هوائی سفلی عبارت از قسمت پائینتر از حبول صوتی است Insert Dari

AFAMS Types of Respiratory Infections (Insert Dari) Pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs due to infection. Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi due to infection. Sinusitis – infection of the sinus cavities. Common Cold – viral infection of the upper respiratory tract the primarily affects the nose. Symptoms include coughing, sore throat, runny nose and sneezing. Insert Dari

AFAMS Questions? (Insert Dari)

AFAMS In-class Assignment (Insert Dari)

AFAMS 1.Identify the following structures: (Insert Dari)

AFAMS 1. Answer: (Insert Dari) بلعوم بینی حنجره جوف بینی شزن ریه ها

AFAMS 2. What is the function of the respiratory system? (Insert Dari) A)To transport nutrients and oxygen to body tissues. B)To provide oxygen to the blood C)To absorb nutrients D)To metabolize nutrients Insert Dari

AFAMS 2. Answer: What is the function of the respiratory system? (Insert Dari) A)To transport nutrients and oxygen to body tissues. B)To provide oxygen to the blood C)To absorb nutrients D)To metabolize nutrients Insert Dari

AFAMS 3. Put the following structures in the order that air flows into the body: (Insert Dari) A)Bronchii B)Nose C)Larynx D)Alveoli E)Trachea F)Pharynx Insert Dari

AFAMS 3. Put the following structures in the order that air flows into the body: (Insert Dari) 1 - B) Nose 2 - F) Pharynx 3 - C) Larynx 4 - E) Trachea 5 - A)Bronchii 6 - D) Alveoli Insert Dari

AFAMS 4. Which of the following structures is responsible for voice production? (Insert Dari) A)Trachea B)Mouth C)Larynx D)Pharynx Insert Dari

AFAMS 4. Answer: Which of the following structures is responsible for voice production? (Insert Dari) A)Trachea B)Mouth C)Larynx D)Pharynx Insert Dari

AFAMS 5. Match the following disorders with their description (Insert Dari) A)Pneumonia B)Asthma C)COPD D)Common Cold 1)Viral infection mostly affecting the nose 2)Recurring symptoms of inflammation involving airway obstruction and bronchospasm. 3)Infection of the lung 4)Characterized by a bothersome cough and shortness of breath. Insert Dari

AFAMS 5. Answer: Match the following disorders with their description (Insert Dari) A)Pneumonia (3) Infection of the lung B)Asthma (2) Recurring symptoms of inflammation involving airway obstruction and bronchospasm. C)COPD (4) Characterized by a bothersome cough and shortness of breath D)Common Cold (1) Viral infection mostly affecting the nose. Insert Dari