Human Anatomy

Body Systems When organs work together to complete a specific task, it is called an Organ System

Skeletal This system provides support for the entire body It also protects our vital organs (ribs) The spine is the central support for the body.

Skeletal Your hands and feet are so flexible because they are made of MANY bones: – Each foot has 26 bones, while each hand has 27 bones – That means that over half your bones are found in your hands and feet!!!

Skeletal While your bones are hard on the outside, they are soft on the inside. You’re hard bone is stronger and lighter than steal!! This soft part is called bone marrow and it produces blood cells.

Integumentary This system includes skin, hair, nails, and various glands The function of this system is protection- it is a barrier from injury and infection The glands are responsible for secreting sweat and oils

Muscular Muscles are responsible for your body's every move. There are 3 types of muscles: 1.Skeletal 2.Smooth 3.Cardiac

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles move and support the skeleton. There are 640 individually named skeletal muscles. When these muscles contract or shorten, your bone moves. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles (which means we can consciously control them)

Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are found in the hollow parts of the body. – This would be in places like the stomach, intestines, blood vessels and the bladder. A smooth muscle is an involuntary muscle (This means that you cannot consciously control this muscle- they just work when needed)

Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscles contract automatically to squeeze the walls of the heart inward. – So, they are involuntary – The heart beats nonstop about 100,000 times each day. – Cardiac muscles don’t get tired- they work constantly until you die

Connectors Tendons- connect muscle to bone Ligaments- connect bone to bone

Nervous The nervous system is divided into two main systems: – The central nervous system (CNS) – The peripheral nervous system

Central Nervous System The spinal cord and the brain make up the CNS. Its main job is to get the information from the body and send out instructions.

Central Nervous System The brain helps to control all of the body systems and organs, keeping them working like they should. – The brain also allows us to think, feel, remember and imagine. – The brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and the nerves. – This system also gives instructions to all parts of the body about what to do and when to do it

Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system is made up of all of the nerves and the wiring. This system sends the messages from the brain to the rest of the body as electrical signals.

Peripheral Nervous System Cells of the nervous system are called neurons – Neurons carry messages in the form of an electrical impulses. – Unlike other body tissues, nerve cells cannot also be repaired if damaged due to injury or disease.

Digestive The food we eat must be broken down into chemicals that the body can use. – This whole process is called digestion and that is the function of the digestive system.

Digestive The first step takes place in your mouth, where food is broken down into small pieces Your saliva also contains a chemical that breaks down starch (a type of sugar)

Digestive After being swallowed, the food travels into your esophagus, which is about 10 inches long. The esophagus is covered in muscles that push the food to your stomach.

Digestive The stomach releases acids and enzymes that break down the food The stomach release it’s contents into the small intestine

Digestive The small intestine is the final place for digestion It is about twenty feet long and one inch in diameter. It releases more chemicals to break down food This is also where the nutrients from food are absorbed

Digestive Waste products and food that are not absorbed in the small intestine pass into the large intestine. The large intestine is only 5 feet long, but is much wider than the small intestine

Digestive The large intestine. Removes water from the food waste to create feces A meal may take up to three days to pass through your digestive system. It spends about three hours in your stomach and up to 20 hours in your large intestine!.

Digestive The pancreas is an elongated gland that is below the stomach. It produces pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes and insulin

Digestive The Liver stores excess sugar, creates Vitamin A, and creates bile (a chemical needed for the break down of fat) The extra bile is stored in the Gall Bladder. The Liver is also where alcohol, drugs, bacteria and old blood cells are broken down and removed from the body.

Respiratory

The respiratory system allows us to breathe We breathe in order to take oxygen into our bodies and get rid of carbon dioxide. Breathing happens automatically.

Respiratory The nasal cavity and throat moisten and warm the air we breathe in The nasal cavity also catches particles in the air that don’t belong in our lungs (like dirt)

Respiratory The trachea joins the the nasal passage and throat to the lungs. The bottom of the trachea splits into two branches called bronchi. – One enters the right lung and one goes to the left lung.

Respiratory The bronchial tree's job is to spread the air from the trachea over a very wide area as quickly as possible. The air travels until it hits little bags called alveoli, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream and CO 2 is released.

Circulatory The circulatory system is made up of the vessels and the muscles that help and control the flow of the blood around the body. The main parts of the system are the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.

Heart

Circulatory l As blood begins to circulate, it heads from the lungs to the heart l It leaves the heart from the left ventricle and goes into the aorta. l The aorta is the largest artery in the body.

Circulatory l The blood leaving the aorta is full of oxygen. This is important for the cells in the brain and the body to do their work. l The oxygen rich blood travels throughout the body in its system of arteries into the smallest arterioles. l Arteries are tough, elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart.

Circulatory l On its way back to the heart, the blood travels through a system of veins. As it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide (a waste product) is removed from the blood and replace with fresh oxygen that we have inhaled through the lungs. – Veins carry the blood to the heart. The smallest veins, also called venules, are very thin.

Immune The immune system defends people against germs and microorganisms, or any invader in your body. Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade our systems and cause disease.

Immune The cells that are part of this defense system are white blood cells, or leukocytes. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations throughout the body, including the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. Lymph nodes swell when your sick because they are producing more leukocytes

Immune The two basic types of leukocytes are: 1.phagocytes, cells that chew up invading organisms 2.lymphocytes, cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them

Immune The immune system has it’s own transportation vessels similar to veins and arteries – They are called the Lymphatic Vessels – But they can also travel in your blood stream