Introduction to Chemistry. What’s the MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is made up of tiny particles.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Chemistry

What’s the MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is made up of tiny particles

Atoms Atoms are the ‘building blocks’ of all elements. They are about one billionth of a meter (very small)

Proton Protons are positively charged and are represented by the symbol p+ Protons are located in the nucleus

Neutron Neutrons have no charge and are represented by the symbol n 0 Neutrons are also located in the nucleus.

Electron Electrons are located outside of the nucleus and are represented by the symbol e - Electrons are located in shells

In an atom, there are the same number of electrons as there are protons so there is no charge.

The Periodic Table and Atoms

Using the Periodic Table…. The Number of protons is the ‘atomic number’

The atomic weight is a measure of the total number of particles in an atom’s nucleus. Atomic Weight will always be larger then Atomic Number !

Atomic Weight Atomic Weight = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Neutrons) * Atomic Weight is Atomic Mass To determine the number of neutrons you round mass to the nearest whole number.

For any element: Number of Protons = Atomic Number Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number Number of Neutrons = Atomic Weight – Atomic Number

How many valence electrons?

Valence Electrons- Where all the ACTION is! Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element. The number of valence electrons is the same for elements in the same group REMEMBER: Groups are the Columns (Down) Periods are the Rows (Across) G R O Example: Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 and so is Radium (Ra). U Ca and Ra both have TWO valence electrons. PERIOD

Chemical Reactions How Stuff Works Video- 9 minutes 5-investigating-chemical-reactions- video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/ investigating-chemical-reactions- video.htm

Answers to Crosswords Elements of the Periodic Table ACROSS DOWN 1.Helium 2. Lead 4. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 5. Sodium 6. Mercury 7. Neon 7. Nitrogen 8. Silver 9. Sulphur 10. Calcium 11. Aluminium 13. Uranium 12. Copper 14. Chlorine 15. Argon 15. Arsenic 16. Silicon 17. Gold 18. Carbon 19. Iron

Answers to Crosswords Periodic Table Assignment ACROSS DOWN 1. Transitions 2. Representative 5. Periodic 3. Dobereiner 7. Three 4. Germanium 8. Massnumber 6. Metals 9. Noble Gases 11. Period 10. Thirty two 12. Halogens 13. Mendeleev 14. Lithium 17. Thirty two 15. Hydrogen 19. Gaseous 16. Aqueous 20. Bromine 18. IIA 21. Group 20. Boron 22. Two