FAO-IGG inter-sessional meeting (Milan, October 15-16, 2015) Chair : India – Dr. R.M. Bhagat Co-Chairs:Sri Lanka - Dr. M.A. Wijeratne Kenya –Dr. J. Bore Members : China Japan Tanzania Malawi Bangladesh Rwanda Indonesia WG on CLIMATE CHANGE

ACTION PLAN Data collection and analysis to be continued. Analysis of vulnerability /suitability with IPCC, AR 5 scenarios to continue. Collate and combine adaptation strategies common to all WG countries along with country specific strategies. Publish a booklet on adaptation strategies common to all countries in English and release it in the next FAO-IGG meeting. Translation of the booklet into different country specific languages. Implementation of adaptation strategies on pilot scale in each country & impact analysis.

1.Impact Analysis: Climate trends Annual total Rainfall, , Jorhat, Assam, India Rainfall

Minimum Temperature

ParameterMeanSD Mann Kendall Statistic (S) Kandell tau Var(S) P-Value (Two- tailed) Alpha Sen's Slope Test Interpretation Rainfall Reject Ho Sig.trend Minimum Temperature < Reject Ho Sig.trend Relative Humidity (Morning) E-4 Reject Ho Sig.trend Relative Humidity (Afternoon) Accept Ho No trend Mann - Kendall Model test for climate trends

2.Projections 2100 – AR 5 Scenarios

Establishment and management of shade trees Shade tree management to control air and leaf temperature. Maintenance of humid condition in gardens by planning optimum shade to delay onset of drought. 3.Adaptation strategi es

Shaded Exposed

Crop Diversification Introducing other crops with economic benefits to the tea farmers to cushion them from the negative impacts of climate change. Selection of land with better soil conditions for replanting with tea. Diversification of land with marginal soil condition or degraded land for fuel wood (energy plantations) or timber plantations

Developing climate resilient cultivars TRIs, have developed and commercialized various clones which are drought, disease and pest tolerant. Emphasis on R&D for clones tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Planting of tea cultivars that can withstand adverse (dry) weather conditions, heat and poor soil conditions. Current cultivars need to be tested for future climate scenarios and simulation studies need to be carried out for the existing cultivars as to how they behave in future climate scenarios.

Soil and water conservation Optimum soil and water conservation measures should be adopted e.g. mulches especially in young tea land, retaining pruning materials and cut grasses on the soil surface. Drains should be grassed and drainage should be scientifically planned. Planting of green manure crops as SALT (Sloping Agriculture Land Technology) hedge rows. Burying of prunings and forking Water bodies may be created in the garden, which of course should not result in the profile flooding. Water conservation during the rainy season to be used for irrigation during the drought period.

Improving farm management practices Emphasizes on sustainable tea production through promotion of sustainable agricultural farm management practices e.g. sustainable land use such and enhancing water catchment. Training the farmers through Farmer Field Schools, open days and field days. Research on agroforestry in tea production and studies on farm management for early resumption after abiotic and biotic stresses. Soil and water conservation Optimum soil and water conservation measures should be adopted e.g. Mulches especially in young tea land, retaining pruning materials and cut grasses on the soil surface. Drains should be grassed and drainage should be scientifically planned. Planting of green manure crops as SALT (Sloping Agriculture Land Technology) hedge rows. Burying of prunings and envelop forking Water bodies may be created in the garden, which of course should not result in the profile flooding. Water conservation during the rainy season to be used for irrigation during the drought period. In situ generation of compost by planting green manure crops in vacant patches & along fences Maintenance of organic matter in soils Adequate organic matter in soils retains both water and nutrients and helps prolong the onset of droughts. Higher organic matter soils are healthier and rich in nutrients. More organic matter brings cultivation nearer to natural conditions – brings more resilience

IRRIGATION Choice of appropriate irrigation method Overhead – Sprinkler Subsurface – Drip Cost factor – availability of water

2010 Feb 14

Risk reduction and management Developing early warning systems and developing linked decision support systems. This will reduce sensitivity to the impacts of climate change and increase the adaptive capacity of tea farmers. Weather forecasting system linked advisories

Emission reduction The tea industry has two issues to greenhouse gas emissions e.g. in Kenya: Use of fuel wood in tea processing resulting from the high cost of electricity Low energy efficiency estimates show that 1 ha of fuel wood is required for every 3.3 to 4 ha of tea planted. Mandatory energy audits of tea factories on annual basis to improve on energy efficiency Explore alternative sources of energy such as wind, solar and hydro.

Climate Awards Motivating the stakeholders in taking up the climate change adaptation and mitigation technologies. Giving suitable awards to companies/individuals for bringing out more climate resilience

Market diversification and value addition Availing the appropriate materials for product diversification based on demand e.g. in Kenya black tea demand decreased and green tea demand increased considering its health benefits. Kenya also released a number of varieties including the purple tea that has high anthocyanin content, high yields and is tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Printing of booklet on adaptation strategies (50-60 pages) --- will need budget Number of copies Quality of printing (Cost of printing in English - donor to be identified) Translation in to local languages (each WG country) for smallholders

Implementation of adaptation strategies on pilot scale Awareness programmes/trainings – Financial support Actual implementation on pilot scale in tea gardens – Financial support

Thank You