October 8, 2013 Culture PPT/Notes Culture Project

What is Culture? Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared and passed on by a group Are you born with culture, or is it taught to you? Culture is learned Who teaches you culture? family, school, peers What things do we share as – Humans? – Americans? – Texans?

Where do cultures start? Cultural Hearth – where innovations, ideas, materials and technology begin

How do cultures change and spread? Innovation – creating something new to meet a need. Diffusion – spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior Assimilation – smaller society adopts the culture of a majority group Acculturation – society accepts or adopts an innovation Transculturation (a term coined by Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz in 1947)Fernando Ortiz -- : a process of cultural transformation marked by the influx of new culture elements and the loss or alteration of existing ones

Why do they call it……………..? Toponymy is the scientific study of place names (toponyms), their origins, meanings, use and typology.toponymstypology – Examples: Bolivia (South America): "Land of Bolivar" in New Latin, in honor of Simón Bolívar, one of the leading generals in the Spanish American wars of independence.BolivarNew Latin Burkina Faso (Africa): "Land of Honest Men", More burkina ("honest", "upright", or "incorruptible men") and Dioula faso ("father's house")MoreDioula Côte d'Ivoire (Africa): "Ivory Coast" in French, from its previous involvement in the ivory trade.ivory trade For more go to: Toponymy is distinct from, though often confused with etymology, which is the study of the origins of words.etymology

Columbian Exchange – widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations including slaves, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

What culture did America adopt these things from? Hot Dogs + Hamburgers – German Chocolate – Aztec Democratic Government – Greek Halloween – Celtic Number system – Hindu-Arab Hockey – Canadian Paper Money – Chinese

Examples - How do cultures change and spread?

Cultural Diffusion – Real Life Example The blues originated in the “field hollars” of southern slaves. The ancient African call-and-response pattern is the core of the blues. Recordings of early artists from the 1920’s and 30’s reached Europe before World War II. Cultural Diffusion!

Blues Diffusion Robert Johnson Traveling Riverside Blues – Recorded in 1937 Led Zeppelin Traveling Riverside Blues – Recorded in 1969

Blues Diffusion Howlin’ Wolf Back Door Man – 1961 The Doors Back Door Man – 1967

What are the 9 Traits of Culture? 1.Language 2.History 3.Religion (beliefs / morals / mores) 4.Food and Shelter (Types / Styles) 5.Education Systems 6.Security/Protection 7.Relationships – Family and Others 8.Political and Social Organizations 9.Creative Expression - Recreation

1. Language Allows for communication to exist There are between 3,000 and 6,500 different languages spoken in the world today! Helps establish cultural identities Can divide people – Canada - French/English Oral tradition - Helps pass cultural traits along through generations Dialect – different versions of the same basic language – “You all” vs. “ya’ll” vs. “you guys” Language Diffusion – Follow trade routes – Blend from other languages – Migration

2. History What do you know or want to know about your ancestors? - What part(s) of the world are they from? - What were they like? - What obstacles did they have to overcome? - What effect does your family history have on your current life? Ancestry is the descendancy of a person’s bloodlines. Genealogy is the research and analysis of ancestry. People worldwide engage in genealogy as hobbyists or professionals, often with the goal of determining their ethnic origin, discovering the truth about a family legend, indulging a passion for history or for the purpose of learning more about a family’s health history. Read more:

3. Religion Major world religions Christianity - 33% Islam - 21% Hinduism - 14% Buddhism - 6% Judaism -.2% Others -25% Morals - How we should act (eg. Your conscience) Mores - Customs and rules of conduct; (eg. rules of the road)

What is religion? The belief in a supernatural power or powers, responsible for the creation and maintenance of the universe Types of Religions? 1.Monotheistic – belief in one god 2.Polytheistic – belief in many gods 3.Animistic or Traditional – belief in the forces of nature

4. Food and Shelter – The places we live and the things we eat

5. Education - How culture is taught or learned Formal – Schools, Universities, Religion (church) In-Formal – Family, Friends, Social Clubs / Groups

6. Security/Protection Military – National Govt. Police – Local Govt. Family - Tribe

7. Relationships – Family and Others Family Friends Classmates / Co-Workers

8. Political and social organization Government System – Make rules and laws to keep society in order Clubs – Examples? Boys and Girls, Boy Scouts, FFA, Optimists, Fraternal organizations – Kiwanis, University, Veterans, Masonic etc.

9. Creative Expression - Recreation Music – instruments, singing Art – Paintings, sculpture, photography Dance Theater Literature – Novels, Poems Architecture Sports Outdoor activities Hobbies

How are cultural regions organized? Society a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity and a culture Ethnic groups - a specific group within a society that shares a common language, customs, and heritage Race (biological) refers to a person's physical appearance, such as skin color, eye color, hair color, bone/jaw structure etc.hairbone Ethnicity (sociological) relates to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, language and beliefs.

Your Family Culture Create a graphic organizer (similar to the one below) using the 9 Traits of Culture and list at least 2 examples from the 9 Traits of Culture using your family. Creative Expression – Recreation Political and Social Organizations Relationships – Family Structure - Others Security and Protection Education – Formal and Informal Food and Shelter Religion – Beliefs Morals and Mores History Language 9 Traits of Culture