ISE Operations Analysis Operations Analysis Location analysis Pareto Analysis Process Analysis Subjective Evaluation

ISE Location Analysis Location of One Item l Example: Locating printer, scanner, & copier station in a department. Systematic Layout of Multiple Items l See pp A B

ISE Pareto Analysis: ‘Fight the Giants’ Concept – bulk of the problems (opportunities) are concentrated in a few items l “Fight the Giants” Example: causes of long wait times at a health clinic (data attached.)

ISE Process Analysis Overview of the process Identify opportunities for improvement Useful communication tool Major types l Process chart single object / person (Ergo disk) assembly process multi-activity chart (Ergo disk) l Flow diagram (Ergo disk, Visio) l Fish (Ishikawa) diagram (Visio) l Decision structure table

ISE Process chart Symbology Details l time, distance l SEARCH l notes Documentation Example – preparing a form letter for mailing l see next page

ISE In Ergo …

ISE Usually combined with process chart to visualize physical space. Example: Preparation and gathering for a design team meeting. (See next page.) Flow Diagram

ISE

9 Other process charts Assembly process charts l show relationships among components, how several processes interact l useful for methods analysis l identify delays, storage problems l example, pg. 121 Multi-activity chart ‘gang chart’, ‘man-machine’ chart, ‘left-hand right hand’ chart l common, scaled time axis identify idle time, unbalanced operations opportunities for –job sharing –double tooling –kitting l examples, pg. 123

ISE Fish Diagrams aka, Ishikawa diagram, Cause & Effect diagram Useful for brainstorming, identify opportunities to improve ‘Head’ of the fish is the problem or desired effect ‘Skeleton’ identifies potential causes l 4 M’s – manpower, machines, methods, materials l 4 P’s – policies, procedures, people, plant

ISE Example Improve design team meeting productivity

ISE Subjective Evaluation Borg Vote – Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) l multiply by 10 to estimate heart rate Very, very light Very light How you feel when lying in bed or sitting in a chair relaxed. Little or no effort Fairly light Somewhat hard Target range: How you should feel with exercise or activity Hard Very hard Very, very hard How you felt with the hardest work you have ever done. Don't work this hard!

ISE Subjective Evaluation Body discomfort map l Body portions

ISE Body Discomfort Scales Borg Discomfort scale Category partitioning See table 9.9, pg. 126

ISE Relative and Absolute Scales Semantic differential (absolute scale) l Rate aspects of the workspace, methods, etc. on a scale between 2 opposite adjectives, l e.g. comfortable ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ uncomfortable spacious ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ cramped Alternatively, choose one adjective (acceptable, comfortable, etc.) and evaluate several aspects of the workplace, methods, etc. on that one objective l e.g., acceptability, comfort, etc.

ISE Relative and Absolute Scales Paired votes (relative) l Compare two alternatives on a relative ranking scale, l e.g. Visibility of two different computer monitors Choose A or B Indicate degree of preference

ISE Related Concepts Evolutionary Operation of Processes (EVOP) l Designed series of experiments to evaluate the effects on the output of the process of changing specific variables l Key idea is to make changes while the process is active (i.e., not as a separate experiment) l Substitute number of runs for strict control Project scheduling l CPM l PERT