Jets as a probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma Jets as a probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma Christine Nattrass Yale University Goldhaber Lecture 2008 Christine.

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Presentation transcript:

Jets as a probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma Jets as a probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma Christine Nattrass Yale University Goldhaber Lecture 2008 Christine Nattrass Yale University Goldhaber Lecture 2008

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Outline What is a quark gluon plasma? Why do we want to study it? How do we study it? What have we learned? Conclusions

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, The structure of matter

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Who was Gertrude Goldhaber? Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber July 14, 1911 — February 2, Beta decay – demonstrated that the beta particle was an electron Shell model – provided experimental evidence for closed shells in heavy nuclei Created first 3-D plot

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Nucleons – the proton and neutron NeutronProton

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Other particles - hadrons Baryons Mesons

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, The Standard Model Electromagnetic force Strong force Weak force

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, What keeps the nucleus together? distance strength Electromagnetic force Strongforce

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, How to make a Quark Gluon Plasma

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Evolution of the Universe Reheating Matter ?The universe gets cooler ! ? Need temperatures around 1.5·10 12 K ~10 6 times hotter than the core of the sun 10 6 yrs 3 min 6 sec 2·10 -6 sec sec sec 10 9 yrs ? sec

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, A heavy ion collision Relativistic pancakes Quark soup Explosive hadron soda

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider STAR PHENIX PHOBOSBRAHMS1.2k

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, The STAR detector ~4m~4m ~4m~4m Over 1,200 tons

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Peripheral collision

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Central collision ~2000 tracks

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, What are jets? proton Jets –hard scattering of partons (quarks and gluons)‏ Studied in dozens of experiments

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Jets – azimuthal correlations trigger Phys Rev Lett 90, p+p  dijet

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Jets – azimuthal correlations p+p  dijet

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Looking in two dimensions d+Au

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, In two dimensions in Au+Au nucl-ex/

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, What I've studied nucl-ex/ Different systems and energies Cu+Cu √ s NN = 200 GeV Cu+Cu √ s NN = 62 GeV Au+Au √ s NN = 62 GeV Different particles K 0 S,, Results: Jet looks like p+p, Ridge looks like the rest of the A+A collision Ridge grows with energy The fewer nucleons in the collision, the smaller the Ridge

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Conclusions If we get nuclear matter dense enough, we make a new phase of matter This quark gluon plasma is similar to what was present in the early universe We can produce a QGP in heavy ion collisions We can study it using probes such as jets proton

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Conclusions We see evidence of a hot, dense medium from studying jets at RHIC One of the jets almost disappears The other jet is modified dramatically

Christine Nattrass (Yale), Goldhaber Seminar, BNL, May 23, Many, many thanks to John Harris Helen Caines Jana Bielcikova The entire Yale group, past and present STAR