The Thaw （解冻）

 1. Epidemic Status  2. Influence of Global Warming  3. Our Work

 1. Epidemic Status

Neglected Tropical DiseaseNeglected Tropical Disease The PLoS Blog Neglected Tropical Diseases: Challenges for the Post-2015 Development Era. Soil-Transmitted Helminth, STH Buruli Ulcer Chagas disease Dengue Dracunculiasis Echinococcosis, ECH Food-Borne Trematode Infections, FBT Human African Trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis Leprosy Lymphatic Filariasis Rabies Schistosomiasis, SCH （血吸虫病） Cysticercosis Taeniasis, CT Trachoma Yaws

Schistosoma （血吸虫） Blood

Major Parasitic DiseasesMajor Parasitic Diseases WHO First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. 千村薜荔人遗矢， 万户萧疏鬼唱歌。 — 毛泽东《送瘟神》

Lancet Human Schistosomiasis. （日本血吸虫） Schistosoma japonicum

Cercariae （尾蚴）  The child form of the parasite which looks like a tadpole.

<10 s Infested Water Nature Review. Definitive Host( 终宿主 )

Epidermis human skin Cercariae

Frequent Contact With Water

Swimmer’s Itch （游泳者痒疹） /Swimmer’s Itch （游泳者痒疹） / Cercarial Dermatitis （尾蚴性皮炎）  Dermatitis （皮炎）.  Itching and breaking of skin.  Raised papules （丘疹）.  Secondary infections.

Pathology ( 肝门静脉 ) eggs

Pathology  Granulomatous Responses （肉芽肿）

 Portal hypertension  Collateral circulation( 侧支循环 )  Esophageal varices( 食管静脉曲张 )  Hepatosplenomegaly( 肝脾肿大 )  Cachexia( 恶病质 ) Results Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology

 2. Global Warming

Mean January Temperatures Across China Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg (2), pp. 188–194.

Snail  Temperatures have a significant effect on the survival of the interme- diate host: snail. Acta Tropica Control of schistosomiasis in China.

The Risk & Predicted Risk MapThe Risk & Predicted Risk Map Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg (2), pp. 188–

 Highly epidemic and seriously neglected  Global warming opens Pandora’s box  Acute cases increased 22% than 2002 I’m BACK!I’m BACK! WHO Schistosomiasis: Progress report 2001–2011.

Traditional Faecal Test ( 粪检 ) Reasons:  The intestinal wall fibrosis  Period of lower egg production  Low-intensity infections Traditional Faecal Test: Low efficiency Egg: very low or absent Egg: very low or absent

ZHOU Xiao-Nong, Chairman of Chinese CDC

Coding 15,000 proteins SjSP-13 Nature. 16 July Vol 460: 345–351. rSP13-ELISA Kit Like HBV Test( 乙肝检测 )

Clinical Test: a field studyClinical Test: a field study Lancet Infect Dis : 489–97. Faecal Test （粪检） rSP-13 ELISA

Results of the field studyResults of the field study Lancet Infect Dis : 489–97. Faecal Test SP13-ELISA Faecal Test SP13-ELISA * Faecal Test: Traditional Method † SP13-ELISA: Our Work

Laboratory validation: Specificity of SP13-ELISA  174 human serum samples from Schistosomiasis-free regions(Shanghai) Lancet Infect Dis : 489–97. SEA-ELISA SP13-ELISA SEA-ELISA SP13-ELISA † SEA-ELISA: Traditional Rapid Diagnosis † SP13-ELISA: Our Work

WHO, Lancet. 2014, 2006.

 When nature becomes a terrorist, human would have only a dead end.

Acknowledgements Pro. Yan Zhang Pro. Weiqing Pan

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