Exploration Map

Exploration 1400s Europeans (first – Spain & Portugal) began exploring in search for trade route to Asia –Purpose: gold, glory, and God (spread Christianity) Caraval: new and improved Ships (could sail fast & carried roughly 130 tons of cargo)

Christopher Columbus 1492 (Italian but sailed for Spain) in search of an alternative trade route to Asia (he went west instead of east) Landed in the Caribbean (the Bahamas) instead (thought he was in India) –he was looking for gold

Gold, Silver Corn, potatoes, beans, vanilla, chocolate, pineapple, avocado Tobacco, turkey Wheat, sugar, rice, onion, coffee, grapes, coffee Horses, cows, pigs, sheep, honeybees Small pox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, scarlet fever, whooping cough Enslaved Africans, malaria

SuccessFailure

1519 he set sail for Spain First to circumnavigate the world (sail around), but he died during voyage Proved world was round

Hernando Cortes Spanish conquistador (conqueror) Created Spanish colonies in Mexico, South America, & U.S. Went to conquer Aztecs when he heard of their wealth Cortes defeated with guns, steel swords,, horses, and cannon Aztecs lost due to smallpox outbreak

Smallpox

Francisco Pizarro — Conquered the Incas Captured the Inca king; kept the ransom $$, then strangled the king to death

Vasco Da Gama Sailed around tip of Africa to India (no longer had to travel by land) Came home with spices, rare silks, precious gems

The Atlantic Slave Trade Problem—finding enough workers able to survive harsh working conditions in the colonies Solution-Slave Trade from Africa Slave Trade took away as many 15 million African men and women over the next 300 years

Effects of Exploration The slave trade = 1600s European territories in the Americas were based on agricultural that required laborers –enslaved Africans planted and harvested sugar, tobacco, and coffee (also worked silver mines) –Africans were a better source of forced labor than native Americans because they were strangers in America so they had no allies nor could they hide

Slave Trade Triangular trade = sailed from Europe, Africa, to the Americas Middle Passage = slave’s journey from Africa to the Americas (b/c it was the “middle leg” of the triangle) –Each slave was in a space of 4-5 ft. long, 2-3 ft. high/ chained together—could not stand nor lie at full length –Many died of suffocating or disease –10-24 million brought over/ 1 in 5 died on journey Effects: gun brought to Africa; African tribes selling enemy tribe members into slavery

Capturing Africans

Slave Ship

Auction

Triangular Trade Effects: 1.Encouraged African warfare 2.Disrupted African Culture 3.Exchange of ideas and beliefs

Commercial Revolution p. 500 Page # in Notebook_________ Define the following: 1.Commercial Revolution 2.Capitalism 3.Joint stock company 4.Mercantilism 5.Favorable balance of trade 6.Role of colonies in mercantilism 7.What changes happened in Europe as a result of the Commercial Revolution?

Commercial Revolution exploration of land expanded Europe’s economy Nations were competing for markets and trade goods Extremely expensive to fund a voyage so… Joint-stock companies = merchants combined their $$ to invest in exploration; sold stocks in the venture to enable investors to share in the profits and risks of a voyage –Funded the colonies in the Americas

Commerical Rev. Cont. Entrepreneurs = individuals who used $, ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits Mercantilism = theory that said a state’s power depended on its wealth (every nation’s goal was to attain $) Balance of Trade = difference between what a nation imports and exports (nations wanted to export more than import)